Methods of Treating Urogenital-Neurological Disorders Using Galanin Retargeted Endopepidases

ABSTRACT

The present specification discloses TVEMPs, compositions comprising such toxins and methods of treating urogenital-neurological disorders in a mammal using such TVEMPs and compositions.

CROSS REFERENCE

This patent application claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119(e) toU.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/182,188 filed May 29,2009, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The ability of Clostridial toxins, such as, e.g., Botulinum neurotoxins(BoNTs), Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A), Botulinum neurotoxinserotype B (BoNT/B), Botulinum neurotoxin serotype C1 (BoNT/C1),Botulinum neurotoxin serotype D (BoNT/D), Botulinum neurotoxin serotypeE (BoNT/E), Botulinum neurotoxin serotype F (BoNT/F), and Botulinumneurotoxin serotype G (BoNT/G), and Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), toinhibit neuronal transmission are being exploited in a wide variety oftherapeutic and cosmetic applications, see e.g., William J. Lipham,COSMETIC AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF BOTULINUM TOXIN (Slack, Inc.,2004). Clostridial toxins commercially available as pharmaceuticalcompositions include, BoNT/A preparations, such as, e.g., BOTOX®(Allergan, Inc., Irvine, Calif.), DYSPORT®/RELOXIN®, (Beaufour Ipsen,Porton Down, England), NEURONOX® (Medy-Tox, Inc., Ochang-myeon, SouthKorea) BTX-A (Lanzhou Institute Biological Products, China) and XEOMIN®(Merz Pharmaceuticals, GmbH., Frankfurt, Germany); and BoNT/Bpreparations, such as, e.g., MYOBLOC™/NEUROBLOC™ (Elan Pharmaceuticals,San Francisco, Calif.). As an example, BOTOX® is currently approved inone or more countries for the following indications: achalasia, adultspasticity, anal fissure, back pain, blepharospasm, bruxism, cervicaldystonia, essential tremor, glabellar lines or hyperkinetic faciallines, headache, hemifacial spasm, hyperactivity of bladder,hyperhidrosis, juvenile cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, myoclonicdisorders, nasal labial lines, spasmodic dysphonia, strabismus and VIInerve disorder.

Clostridial toxin therapies are successfully used for many indications.Generally, administration of a Clostridial toxin treatment is welltolerated. However, toxin administration in some applications can bechallenging because of the larger doses required to achieve a beneficialeffect. Larger doses can increase the likelihood that the toxin may movethrough the interstitial fluids and the circulatory systems, such as,e.g., the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system, of the body,resulting in the undesirable dispersal of the toxin to areas nottargeted for toxin treatment. Such dispersal can lead to undesirableside effects, such as, e.g., inhibition of neurotransmitter release inneurons not targeted for treatment or paralysis of a muscle not targetedfor treatment. For example, a patient administered a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a BoNT/A treatment into the neck muscles fortorticollis may develop dysphagia because of dispersal of the toxin intothe oropharynx. As another example, a patient administered atherapeutically effective amount of a BoNT/A treatment into the bladderfor overactive bladder may develop dry mouth and/or dry eyes. Thus,there remains a need for improved Clostridial toxins that are effectiveat the site of treatment, but have negligible to minimal effects inareas not targeted for a toxin treatment.

A Clostridial toxin treatment inhibits neurotransmitter release bydisrupting the exocytotic process used to secret the neurotransmitterinto the synaptic cleft. There is a great desire by the pharmaceuticalindustry to expand the use of Clostridial toxin therapies beyond itscurrent myo-relaxant applications to treat other nerve-based ailments,such as, e.g., various kinds of chronic pain, neurogenic inflammationand urogentital disorders, as well as other disorders, such as, e.g.,pancreatitis. One approach that is currently being exploited to expandClostridial toxin-based therapies involves modifying a Clostridial toxinso that the modified toxin has an altered cell targeting capability fora non-Clostridial toxin target cell. This re-targeted capability isachieved by replacing a naturally-occurring targeting domain of aClostridial toxin with a targeting domain showing a preferential bindingactivity for a non-Clostridial toxin receptor present in anon-Clostridial toxin target cell. Such modifications to a targetingdomain result in a Clostridial toxin chimeric called a TargetedVesicular Exocytosis Modulating Protein (TVEMP) that is able toselectively bind to a non-Clostridial toxin receptor (target receptor)present on a non-Clostridial toxin target cell (re-targeted). AClostridial toxin chimeric with a targeting activity for anon-Clostridial toxin target cell can bind to a receptor present on thenon-Clostridial toxin target cell, translocate into the cytoplasm, andexert its proteolytic effect on the SNARE complex of the non-Clostridialtoxin target cell.

The present specification discloses TVEMP compositions and methods fortreating an individual suffering from a neuron-mediated urogenitaldisorder. This is accomplished by administering a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a composition comprising a TVEMP to an individual inneed thereof. The disclosed methods provide a safe, inexpensive, outpatient-based treatment for the treatment of urogenital-neurologicaldisorders.

Thus, aspects of the present invention provide a composition comprisinga TVEMP comprising a retargeted peptide binding domain, a Clostridialtoxin translocation domain and a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain. Acomposition comprising a TVEMP can be a pharmaceutical composition. Sucha pharmaceutical composition can comprise, in addition to a TVEMP, apharmaceutical carrier, a pharmaceutical component, or both.

Other aspects of the present invention provide a method of treatingurogenital-neurological disorder in a mammal, the method comprising thestep of administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amountof a composition including a TVEMP comprising a retargeted peptidebinding domain, a Clostridial toxin translocation domain and aClostridial toxin enzymatic domain.

Other aspects of the present invention provide a manufacturing of amedicament for treating urogenital-neurological disorder in a mammal inneed thereof, the medicament comprising a TVEMP including a retargetedpeptide binding domain, a Clostridial toxin translocation domain and aClostridial toxin enzymatic domain.

Other aspects of the present invention provide a use of a compositionfor treating urogenital-neurological disorder in a mammal in needthereof, the use comprising the step of administering to the mammal inneed thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition,wherein the composition comprises a TVEMP including a retargeted peptidebinding domain, a Clostridial toxin translocation domain and aClostridial toxin enzymatic domain and wherein administration of thecomposition reduces a symptom of the urogenital-neurological disorder,thereby treating the mammal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a schematic of the current paradigm of neurotransmitterrelease and Clostridial toxin intoxication in a central and peripheralneuron. FIG. 1A shows a schematic for the neurotransmitter releasemechanism of a central and peripheral neuron. The release process can bedescribed as comprising two steps: 1) vesicle docking, where thevesicle-bound SNARE protein of a vesicle containing neurotransmittermolecules associates with the membrane-bound SNARE proteins located atthe plasma membrane; and 2) neurotransmitter release, where the vesiclefuses with the plasma membrane and the neurotransmitter molecules areexocytosed. FIG. 1B shows a schematic of the intoxication mechanism fortetanus and botulinum toxin activity in a central and peripheral neuron.This intoxication process can be described as comprising four steps: 1)receptor binding, where a Clostridial toxin binds to a Clostridialreceptor system and initiates the intoxication process; 2) complexinternalization, where after toxin binding, a vesicle containing thetoxin/receptor system complex is endocytosed into the cell; 3) lightchain translocation, where multiple events are thought to occur,including, e.g., changes in the internal pH of the vesicle, formation ofa channel pore comprising the H_(N) domain of the Clostridial toxinheavy chain, separation of the Clostridial toxin light chain from theheavy chain, and release of the active light chain and 4) enzymatictarget modification, where the activate light chain of Clostridial toxinproteolytically cleaves its target SNARE substrate, such as, e.g.,SNAP-25, VAMP or Syntaxin, thereby preventing vesicle docking andneurotransmitter release.

FIG. 2 shows the domain organization of naturally-occurring Clostridialtoxins. The single-chain form depicts the amino to carboxyl linearorganization comprising an enzymatic domain, a translocation domain, anda retargeted peptide binding domain. The di-chain loop region locatedbetween the translocation and enzymatic domains is depicted by thedouble SS bracket. This region comprises an endogenous di-chain loopprotease cleavage site that upon proteolytic cleavage with anaturally-occurring protease, such as, e.g., an endogenous Clostridialtoxin protease or a naturally-occurring protease produced in theenvironment, converts the single-chain form of the toxin into thedi-chain form. Above the single-chain form, the HCC region of theClostridial toxin binding domain is depicted. This region comprises theβ-trefoil domain which comprises in an amino to carboxyl linearorganization an α-fold, a β4/β5 hairpin turn, a β-fold, a β8/β9 hairpinturn and a γ-fold.

FIG. 3 shows TVEMPs with an enhanced targeting domain located at theamino terminus of the modified toxin. FIG. 3A depicts the single-chainpolypeptide form of a TVEMP with an amino to carboxyl linearorganization comprising a binding element, a translocation element, adi-chain loop region comprising an exogenous protease cleavage site (P),and a therapeutic element. Upon proteolytic cleavage with a P protease,the single-chain form of the toxin is converted to the di-chain form.FIG. 3B depicts the single polypeptide form of a TVEMP with an amino tocarboxyl linear organization comprising a binding element, a therapeuticelement, a di-chain loop region comprising an exogenous proteasecleavage site (P), and a translocation element. Upon proteolyticcleavage with a P protease, the single-chain form of the toxin isconverted to the di-chain form.

FIG. 4 shows TVEMPs with an enhanced targeting domain located betweenthe other two domains. FIG. 4A depicts the single polypeptide form of aTVEMP with an amino to carboxyl linear organization comprising atherapeutic element, a di-chain loop region comprising an exogenousprotease cleavage site (P), a binding element, and a translocationelement. Upon proteolytic cleavage with a P protease, the single-chainform of the toxin is converted to the di-chain form. FIG. 4B depicts thesingle polypeptide form of a TVEMP with an amino to carboxyl linearorganization comprising a translocation element, a di-chain loop regioncomprising an exogenous protease cleavage site (P), a binding element,and a therapeutic element. Upon proteolytic cleavage with a P protease,the single-chain form of the toxin is converted to the di-chain form.FIG. 4C depicts the single polypeptide form of a TVEMP with an amino tocarboxyl linear organization comprising a therapeutic element, a bindingelement, a di-chain loop region comprising an exogenous proteasecleavage site (P), and a translocation element. Upon proteolyticcleavage with a P protease, the single-chain form of the toxin isconverted to the di-chain form. FIG. 4D depicts the single polypeptideform of a TVEMP with an amino to carboxyl linear organization comprisinga translocation element, a binding element, a di-chain loop regioncomprising an exogenous protease cleavage site (P), and a therapeuticelement. Upon proteolytic cleavage with a P protease, the single-chainform of the toxin is converted to the di-chain form.

FIG. 5 shows TVEMPs with an enhanced targeting domain located at thecarboxyl terminus of the modified toxin. FIG. 5A depicts the singlepolypeptide form of a TVEMP with an amino to carboxyl linearorganization comprising a therapeutic element, a di-chain loop regioncomprising an exogenous protease cleavage site (P), a translocationelement, and a binding element. Upon proteolytic cleavage with a Pprotease, the single-chain form of the toxin is converted to thedi-chain form. FIG. 5B depicts the single polypeptide form of a TVEMPwith an amino to carboxyl linear organization comprising a translocationelement, a di-chain loop region comprising an exogenous proteasecleavage site (P), a therapeutic element, and a binding element. Uponproteolytic cleavage with a P protease, the single-chain form of thetoxin is converted to the di-chain form.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Aspects of the present invention provide, in part, a TVEMP. As usedherein, a “Targeted Vesicular Exocytosis Modulating Protein” issynonomous with “TVEMP” and refers to any molecule comprising aretargeted peptide binding domain, a Clostridial toxin translocationdomain and a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain. Exemplary TVEMPs usefulto practice aspects of the present invention are disclosed in, e.g.,Steward, L. E. et al., Modified Clostridial Toxins with EnhancedTranslocation Capabilities and Altered Targeting Activity ForNon-Clostridial Toxin Target Cells, U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/776,075 (Jul. 11, 2007); Dolly, J. O. et al., Activatable ClostridialToxins, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/829,475 (Jul. 27, 2007);Foster, K. A. et al., Fusion Proteins, International Patent PublicationWO 2006/059093 (Jun. 8, 2006); and Foster, K. A. et al., Non-CytotoxicProtein Conjugates, International Patent Publication WO 2006/059105(Jun. 8, 2006), each of which is incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

Clostridia toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium tetani,Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum are the most widely usedin therapeutic and cosmetic treatments of humans and other mammals.Strains of C. botulinum produce seven antigenically-distinct types ofBotulinum toxins (BoNTs), which have been identified by investigatingbotulism outbreaks in man (BoNT/A, /B, /E and /F), animals (BoNT/C1 and/D), or isolated from soil (BoNT/G). BoNTs possess approximately 35%amino acid identity with each other and share the same functional domainorganization and overall structural architecture. It is recognized bythose of skill in the art that within each type of Clostridial toxinthere can be subtypes that differ somewhat in their amino acid sequence,and also in the nucleic acids encoding these proteins. For example,there are presently four BoNT/A subtypes, BoNT/A1, BoNT/A2, BoNT/A3 andBoNT/A4, with specific subtypes showing approximately 89% amino acididentity when compared to another BoNT/A subtype. While all seven BoNTserotypes have similar structure and pharmacological properties, eachalso displays heterogeneous bacteriological characteristics. Incontrast, tetanus toxin (TeNT) is produced by a uniform group of C.tetani. Two other species of Clostridia, C. baratii and C. butyricum,also produce toxins, BaNT and BuNT respectively, which are similar toBoNT/F and BoNT/E, respectively.

Each mature di-chain molecule comprises three functionally distinctdomains: 1) an enzymatic domain located in the light chain (LC) thatincludes a metalloprotease region containing a zinc-dependentendopeptidase activity which specifically targets core components of theneurotransmitter release apparatus; 2) a translocation domain (H_(N))contained within the amino-terminal half of the heavy chain (HC) thatfacilitates release of the LC from intracellular vesicles into thecytoplasm of the target cell; and 3) a binding domain (H_(C)) foundwithin the carboxyl-terminal half of the HC that determines the bindingactivity and binding specificity of the toxin to the receptor complexlocated at the surface of the target cell. The H_(C) domain comprisestwo distinct structural features of roughly equal size that indicatefunction and are designated the H_(CN) and H_(CC) subdomains. Table 1gives approximate boundary regions for each domain found in exemplaryClostridial toxins.

TABLE 1 Clostridial Toxin Reference Sequences and Regions Toxin SEQ IDNO: LC H_(N) H_(C) BoNT/A 1 M1-K448 A449-K871 N872-L1296 BoNT/B 2M1-K441 A442-S858 E859-E1291 BoNT/C1 3 M1-K449 T450-N866 N867-E1291BoNT/D 4 M1-R445 D446-N862 S863-E1276 BoNT/E 5 M1-R422 K423-K845R846-K1252 BoNT/F 6 M1-K439 A440-K864 K865-E1274 BoNT/G 7 M1-K446S447-S863 N864-E1297 TeNT 8 M1-A457 S458-V879 I880-D1315 BaNT 9 M1-K431N432-I857 I858-E1268 BuNT 10 M1-R422 K423-I847 Y1086-K1251

The binding, translocation and enzymatic activity of these threefunctional domains are all necessary for toxicity. While all details ofthis process are not yet precisely known, the overall cellularintoxication mechanism whereby Clostridial toxins enter a neuron andinhibit neurotransmitter release is similar, regardless of serotype orsubtype. Although the applicants have no wish to be limited by thefollowing description, the intoxication mechanism can be described ascomprising at least four steps: 1) receptor binding, 2) complexinternalization, 3) light chain translocation, and 4) enzymatic targetmodification (see FIG. 1). The process is initiated when the H_(C)domain of a Clostridial toxin binds to a toxin-specific receptor systemlocated on the plasma membrane surface of a target cell. The bindingspecificity of a receptor complex is thought to be achieved, in part, byspecific combinations of gangliosides and protein receptors that appearto distinctly comprise each Clostridial toxin receptor complex. Oncebound, the toxin/receptor complexes are internalized by endocytosis andthe internalized vesicles are sorted to specific intracellular routes.The translocation step appears to be triggered by the acidification ofthe vesicle compartment. This process seems to initiate two importantpH-dependent structural rearrangements that increase hydrophobicity andpromote formation di-chain form of the toxin. Once activated, lightchain endopeptidase of the toxin is released from the intracellularvesicle into the cytosol where it appears to specifically target one ofthree known core components of the neurotransmitter release apparatus.These core proteins, vesicle-associated membrane protein(VAMP)/synaptobrevin, synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa(SNAP-25) and Syntaxin, are necessary for synaptic vesicle docking andfusion at the nerve terminal and constitute members of the solubleN-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein-receptor (SNARE)family. BoNT/A and BoNT/E cleave SNAP-25 in the carboxyl-terminalregion, releasing a nine or twenty-six amino acid segment, respectively,and BoNT/C1 also cleaves SNAP-25 near the carboxyl-terminus. Thebotulinum serotypes BoNT/B, BoNT/D, BoNT/F and BoNT/G, and tetanustoxin, act on the conserved central portion of VAMP, and release theamino-terminal portion of VAMP into the cytosol. BoNT/C1 cleavessyntaxin at a single site near the cytosolic membrane surface. Theselective proteolysis of synaptic SNAREs accounts for the block ofneurotransmitter release caused by Clostridial toxins in vivo. The SNAREprotein targets of Clostridial toxins are common to exocytosis in avariety of non-neuronal types; in these cells, as in neurons, lightchain peptidase activity inhibits exocytosis, see, e.g., Yann Humeau etal., How Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins Block NeurotransmitterRelease, 82(5) Biochimie. 427-446 (2000); Kathryn Turton et al.,Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and TherapeuticUtility, 27(11) Trends Biochem. Sci. 552-558. (2002); Giovanna Lalli etal., The Journey of Tetanus and Botulinum Neurotoxins in Neurons, 11(9)Trends Microbiol. 431-437, (2003).

In an aspect of the invention, a TVEMP comprises, in part, a Clostridialtoxin enzymatic domain. As used herein, the term “Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain” refers to any Clostridial toxin polypeptide that canexecute the enzymatic target modification step of the intoxicationprocess. Thus, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain specifically targetsa Clostridial toxin substrate and encompasses the proteolytic cleavageof a Clostridial toxin substrate, such as, e.g., SNARE proteins like aSNAP-25 substrate, a VAMP substrate and a Syntaxin substrate.Non-limiting examples of a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain include,e.g., a BoNT/A enzymatic domain, a BoNT/B enzymatic domain, a BoNT/C1enzymatic domain, a BoNT/D enzymatic domain, a BoNT/E enzymatic domain,a BoNT/F enzymatic domain, a BoNT/G enzymatic domain, a TeNT enzymaticdomain, a BaNT enzymatic domain, and a BuNT enzymatic domain. Othernon-limiting examples of a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain include,e.g., amino acids 1-448 of SEQ ID NO: 1, amino acids 1-441 of SEQ ID NO:2, amino acids 1-449 of SEQ ID NO: 3, amino acids 1-445 of SEQ ID NO: 4,amino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 5, amino acids 1-439 of SEQ ID NO: 6,amino acids 1-446 of SEQ ID NO: 7, amino acids 1-457 of SEQ ID NO: 8,amino acids 1-431 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and amino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO:10.

A Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain includes, without limitation,naturally occurring Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain variants, suchas, e.g., Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain isoforms and Clostridialtoxin enzymatic domain subtypes; and non-naturally occurring Clostridialtoxin enzymatic domain variants, such as, e.g., conservative Clostridialtoxin enzymatic domain variants, non-conservative Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain variants, Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain chimerics,active Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain fragments thereof, or anycombination thereof.

As used herein, the term “Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant,”whether naturally-occurring or non-naturally-occurring, refers to aClostridial toxin enzymatic domain that has at least one amino acidchange from the corresponding region of the disclosed referencesequences (Table 1) and can be described in percent identity to thecorresponding region of that reference sequence. Unless expresslyindicated, Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain variants useful topractice disclosed embodiments are variants that execute the enzymatictarget modification step of the intoxication process. As non-limitingexamples, a BoNT/A enzymatic domain variant comprising amino acids 1-448of SEQ ID NO: 1 will have at least one amino acid difference, such as,e.g., an amino acid substitution, deletion or addition, as compared tothe amino acid region 1-448 of SEQ ID NO: 1; a BoNT/B enzymatic domainvariant comprising amino acids 1-441 of SEQ ID NO: 2 will have at leastone amino acid difference, such as, e.g., an amino acid substitution,deletion or addition, as compared to the amino acid region 1-441 of SEQID NO: 2; a BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain variant comprising amino acids1-449 of SEQ ID NO: 3 will have at least one amino acid difference, suchas, e.g., an amino acid substitution, deletion or addition, as comparedto the amino acid region 1-449 of SEQ ID NO: 3; a BoNT/D enzymaticdomain variant comprising amino acids 1-445 of SEQ ID NO: 4 will have atleast one amino acid difference, such as, e.g., an amino acidsubstitution, deletion or addition, as compared to the amino acid region1-445 of SEQ ID NO: 4; a BoNT/E enzymatic domain variant comprisingamino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 5 will have at least one amino aciddifference, such as, e.g., an amino acid substitution, deletion oraddition, as compared to the amino acid region 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 5; aBoNT/F enzymatic domain variant comprising amino acids 1-439 of SEQ IDNO: 6 will have at least one amino acid difference, such as, e.g., anamino acid substitution, deletion or addition, as compared to the aminoacid region 1-439 of SEQ ID NO: 6; a BoNT/G enzymatic domain variantcomprising amino acids 1-446 of SEQ ID NO: 7 will have at least oneamino acid difference, such as, e.g., an amino acid substitution,deletion or addition, as compared to the amino acid region 1-446 of SEQID NO: 7; and a TeNT enzymatic domain variant comprising amino acids1-457 of SEQ ID NO: 8 will have at least one amino acid difference, suchas, e.g., an amino acid substitution, deletion or addition, as comparedto the amino acid region 1-457 of SEQ ID NO: 8.

It is recognized by those of skill in the art that within each serotypeof Clostridial toxin there can be naturally occurring Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain variants that differ somewhat in their amino acidsequence, and also in the nucleic acids encoding these proteins. Forexample, there are presently five BoNT/A subtypes, BoNT/A1, BoNT/A2,BoNT/A3, BoNT/A4, and BoNT/A5, with specific enzymatic domain subtypesshowing approximately 95% amino acid identity when compared to anotherBoNT/A enzymatic domain subtype. As used herein, the term “naturallyoccurring Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant” refers to anyClostridial toxin enzymatic domain produced by a naturally-occurringprocess, including, without limitation, Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain isoforms produced from alternatively-spliced transcripts,Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain isoforms produced by spontaneousmutation and Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain subtypes. A naturallyoccurring Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant can function insubstantially the same manner as the reference Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain on which the naturally occurring Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain variant is based, and can be substituted for thereference Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain in any aspect of thepresent invention.

A non-limiting example of a naturally occurring Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain variant is a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain isoformsuch as, e.g., a BoNT/A enzymatic domain isoform, a BoNT/B enzymaticdomain isoform, a BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain isoform, a BoNT/D enzymaticdomain isoform, a BoNT/E enzymatic domain isoform, a BoNT/F enzymaticdomain isoform, a BoNT/G enzymatic domain isoform, and a TeNT enzymaticdomain isoform. Another non-limiting example of a naturally occurringClostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant is a Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain subtype such as, e.g., an enzymatic domain from subtypeBoNT/A1, BoNT/A2, BoNT/A3, BoNT/A4 and BoNT/A5; an enzymatic domain fromsubtype BoNT/B1, BoNT/B2, BoNT/B bivalent and BoNT/B nonproteolytic; anenzymatic domain from subtype BoNT/C1-1 and BoNT/C1-2; an enzymaticdomain from subtype BoNT/E1, BoNT/E2 and BoNT/E3; and an enzymaticdomain from subtype BoNT/F1, BoNT/F2, BoNT/F3 and BoNT/F4.

As used herein, the term “non-naturally occurring Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain variant” refers to any Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain produced with the aid of human manipulation, including, withoutlimitation, Clostridial toxin enzymatic domains produced by geneticengineering using random mutagenesis or rational design and Clostridialtoxin enzymatic domains produced by chemical synthesis. Non-limitingexamples of non-naturally occurring Clostridial toxin enzymatic domainvariants include, e.g., conservative Clostridial toxin enzymatic domainvariants, non-conservative Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain variants,Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain chimeric variants and activeClostridial toxin enzymatic domain fragments.

As used herein, the term “conservative Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain variant” refers to a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain that hasat least one amino acid substituted by another amino acid or an aminoacid analog that has at least one property similar to that of theoriginal amino acid from the reference Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain sequence (Table 1). Examples of properties include, withoutlimitation, similar size, topography, charge, hydrophobicity,hydrophilicity, lipophilicity, covalent-bonding capacity,hydrogen-bonding capacity, a physicochemical property, of the like, orany combination thereof. A conservative Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain variant can function in substantially the same manner as thereference Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain on which the conservativeClostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant is based, and can besubstituted for the reference Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain in anyaspect of the present invention. Non-limiting examples of a conservativeClostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant include, e.g., conservativeBoNT/A enzymatic domain variants, conservative BoNT/B enzymatic domainvariants, conservative BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain variants, conservativeBoNT/D enzymatic domain variants, conservative BoNT/E enzymatic domainvariants, conservative BoNT/F enzymatic domain variants, conservativeBoNT/G enzymatic domain variants, and conservative TeNT enzymatic domainvariants.

As used herein, the term “non-conservative Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain variant” refers to a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain inwhich 1) at least one amino acid is deleted from the referenceClostridial toxin enzymatic domain on which the non-conservativeClostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant is based; 2) at least oneamino acid added to the reference Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain onwhich the non-conservative Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain is based;or 3) at least one amino acid is substituted by another amino acid or anamino acid analog that does not share any property similar to that ofthe original amino acid from the reference Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain sequence (Table 1). A non-conservative Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain variant can function in substantially the same manneras the reference Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain on which thenon-conservative Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant is based,and can be substituted for the reference Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain in any aspect of the present invention. Non-limiting examples ofa non-conservative Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant include,e.g., non-conservative BoNT/A enzymatic domain variants,non-conservative BoNT/B enzymatic domain variants, non-conservativeBoNT/C1 enzymatic domain variants, non-conservative BoNT/D enzymaticdomain variants, non-conservative BoNT/E enzymatic domain variants,non-conservative BoNT/F enzymatic domain variants, non-conservativeBoNT/G enzymatic domain variants, and non-conservative TeNT enzymaticdomain variants.

As used herein, the term “Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain chimeric”refers to a polypeptide comprising at least a portion of a Clostridialtoxin enzymatic domain and at least a portion of at least one otherpolypeptide to form a toxin enzymatic domain with at least one propertydifferent from the reference Clostridial toxin enzymatic domains ofTable 1, with the proviso that this Clostridial toxin enzymatic domainchimeric is still capable of specifically targeting the core componentsof the neurotransmitter release apparatus and thus participate inexecuting the overall cellular mechanism whereby a Clostridial toxinproteolytically cleaves a substrate. Such Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain chimerics are described in, e.g., Lance E. Steward et al.,Leucine-based Motif and Clostridial Toxins, U.S. Patent Publication2003/0027752 (Feb. 6, 2003); Lance E. Steward et al., ClostridialNeurotoxin Compositions and Modified Clostridial Neurotoxins, U.S.Patent Publication 2003/0219462 (Nov. 27, 2003); and Lance E. Steward etal., Clostridial Neurotoxin Compositions and Modified ClostridialNeurotoxins, U.S. Patent Publication 2004/0220386 (Nov. 4, 2004), eachof which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

As used herein, the term “active Clostridial toxin enzymatic domainfragment” refers to any of a variety of Clostridial toxin fragmentscomprising the enzymatic domain can be useful in aspects of the presentinvention with the proviso that these enzymatic domain fragments canspecifically target the core components of the neurotransmitter releaseapparatus and thus participate in executing the overall cellularmechanism whereby a Clostridial toxin proteolytically cleaves asubstrate. The enzymatic domains of Clostridial toxins are approximately420-460 amino acids in length and comprise an enzymatic domain (Table1). Research has shown that the entire length of a Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain is not necessary for the enzymatic activity of theenzymatic domain. As a non-limiting example, the first eight amino acidsof the BoNT/A enzymatic domain (residues 1-8 of SEQ ID NO: 1) are notrequired for enzymatic activity. As another non-limiting example, thefirst eight amino acids of the TeNT enzymatic domain (residues 1-8 ofSEQ ID NO: 8) are not required for enzymatic activity. Likewise, thecarboxyl-terminus of the enzymatic domain is not necessary for activity.As a non-limiting example, the last 32 amino acids of the BoNT/Aenzymatic domain (residues 417-448 of SEQ ID NO: 1) are not required forenzymatic activity. As another non-limiting example, the last 31 aminoacids of the TeNT enzymatic domain (residues 427-457 of SEQ ID NO: 8)are not required for enzymatic activity. Thus, aspects of thisembodiment can include Clostridial toxin enzymatic domains comprising anenzymatic domain having a length of, e.g., at least 350 amino acids, atleast 375 amino acids, at least 400 amino acids, at least 425 aminoacids or at least 450 amino acids. Other aspects of this embodiment caninclude Clostridial toxin enzymatic domains comprising an enzymaticdomain having a length of, e.g., at most 350 amino acids, at most 375amino acids, at most 400 amino acids, at most 425 amino acids or at most450 amino acids.

Any of a variety of sequence alignment methods can be used to determinepercent identity of naturally-occurring Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain variants and non-naturally-occurring Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain variants, including, without limitation, global methods, localmethods and hybrid methods, such as, e.g., segment approach methods.Protocols to determine percent identity are routine procedures withinthe scope of one skilled in the art and from the teaching herein.

Global methods align sequences from the beginning to the end of themolecule and determine the best alignment by adding up scores ofindividual residue pairs and by imposing gap penalties. Non-limitingmethods include, e.g., CLUSTAL W, see, e.g., Julie D. Thompson et al.,CLUSTAL W: Improving the Sensitivity of Progressive Multiple SequenceAlignment Through Sequence Weighting, Position-Specific Gap Penaltiesand Weight Matrix Choice, 22(22) Nucleic Acids Research 4673-4680(1994); and iterative refinement, see, e.g., Osamu Gotoh, SignificantImprovement in Accuracy of Multiple Protein Sequence Alignments byIterative Refinement as Assessed by Reference to Structural Alignments,264(4) J. Mol. Biol. 823-838 (1996).

Local methods align sequences by identifying one or more conservedmotifs shared by all of the input sequences. Non-limiting methodsinclude, e.g., Match-box, see, e.g., Eric Depiereux and Ernest Feytmans,Match-Box: A Fundamentally New Algorithm for the Simultaneous Alignmentof Several Protein Sequences, 8(5) CABIOS 501-509 (1992); Gibbssampling, see, e.g., C. E. Lawrence et al., Detecting Subtle SequenceSignals: A Gibbs Sampling Strategy for Multiple Alignment, 262(5131)Science 208-214 (1993); Align-M, see, e.g., Ivo Van Walle et al.,Align-M—A New Algorithm for Multiple Alignment of Highly DivergentSequences, 20(9) Bioinformatics,: 1428-1435 (2004).

Hybrid methods combine functional aspects of both global and localalignment methods. Non-limiting methods include, e.g.,segment-to-segment comparison, see, e.g., Burkhard Morgenstern et al.,Multiple DNA and Protein Sequence Alignment Based On Segment-To-SegmentComparison, 93(22) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 12098-12103 (1996);T-Coffee, see, e.g., Cédric Notredame et al., T-Coffee: A NovelAlgorithm for Multiple Sequence Alignment, 302(1) J. Mol. Biol. 205-217(2000); MUSCLE, see, e.g., Robert C. Edgar, MUSCLE: Multiple SequenceAlignment With High Score Accuracy and High Throughput, 32(5) NucleicAcids Res. 1792-1797 (2004); and DIALIGN-T, see, e.g., Amarendran RSubramanian et al., DIALIGN-T: An Improved Algorithm for Segment-BasedMultiple Sequence Alignment, 6(1) BMC Bioinformatics 66 (2005).

The present specification describes various polypeptide variants whereone amino acid is substituted for another, such as, e.g., Clostridialtoxin variants, Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain variants, Clostridialtoxin translocation domain variants, Clostridial toxin binding domainvariants, non-Clostridial toxin binding domain variants, retargetedpeptide binding domain variants, and protease cleavage site variants. Asubstitution can be assessed by a variety of factors, such as, e.g., thephysic properties of the amino acid being substituted (Table 2) or howthe original amino acid would tolerate a substitution (Table 3). Theselections of which amino acid can be substituted for another amino acidin a polypeptide are known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

TABLE 2 Amino Acid Properties Property Amino Acids AliphaticG, A, I, L, M, P, V Aromatic F, H, W, Y C-beta branched I, V, THydrophobic C, F, I, L, M, V, W Small polar D, N, P Small non-polarA, C, G, S, T Large polar E, H, K, Q, R, W, Y Large non-polarF, I, L, M, V Charged D, E, H, K, R Uncharged C, S, T Negative D, EPositive H, K, R Acidic D, E Basic K, R Amide N, Q

TABLE 3 Amino Acid Substitutions Favored Amino Substi- NeutralDisfavored Acid tution Substitutions substitution A G, S, TC, E, I, K, M,  D, F, H, N, Y,  L, P, Q, R, V W C F, S, Y, WA, H, I, M, L,  D, E, G, K, N,  T, V P, Q, R D E, N G, H, K, P, Q, A, C, I, L, R, S, T E D, K, Q A, H, N, P, R,  C, F, G, I, L,  S, TM, V, W, Y F M, L, W, Y C, I, V A, D, E, G, H, K,  N, P, Q, R, S, T GA, S D, K, N, P, Q, C, E, F, H, I, L,  R M, T, V, W, Y H N, YC, D, E, K, Q,  A, F, G, I, L, M,  R, S, T, W P, V I V, L, MA, C, T, F, Y D, E, G, H, K, N,  P, Q, R, S, W K Q, E, R A, D, G, H, M, C, F, I, L, V, W,  N, P, S, T Y L F, I, M, V A, C, W, YD, E, G, H, K, N,  P, Q, R, S, T M F, I, L, V A, C, R, Q, K, D, E, G, H, N, P,  T, W, Y S N D, H, S E, G, K, Q, R, A, C, F, I, L, M,  T P, V, W, Y P — A, D, E, G, K,  C, F, H, I, L, M, Q, R, S, T N, V, W, Y Q E, K, R A, D, G, H, M,  C, F, I, L, V, W, N, P, S, T Y R K, Q A, D, E, G, H,   C, F, I, L, V, W,  M, N, P, S, T YS A, N, T C, D, E, G, H,   F, I, L, M, V, W,  K, P, Q, R, T Y T SA, C, D, E, H,  F, G, L, W, Y I, K, M, N, P, Q, R, V V I, L, MA, C, F, T, Y D, E, G, H, K, N,  P, Q, R, S, W W F, Y H, L, MA, C, D, E, G, I,  K, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V Y F, H, W C, I, L, M, VA, D, E, G, K, N,  P, Q, R, S, T Matthew J. Betts and Robert, B.Russell, Amino Acid Properties and Consequences of Substitutions, pp.289-316, In Bioinformatics for Geneticists, (eds Michael R. Barnes, IanC. Gray, Wiley, 2003).

Thus, in an embodiment, a TVEMP disclosed in the present specificationcomprises a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain. In an aspect of thisembodiment, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain comprises a naturallyoccurring Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., aClostridial toxin enzymatic domain isoform or a Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain subtype. In another aspect of this embodiment, aClostridial toxin enzymatic domain comprises a non-naturally occurringClostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., aconservative Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant, anon-conservative Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain variant, aClostridial toxin chimeric enzymatic domain, an active Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain fragment, or any combination thereof.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain comprises aBoNT/A enzymatic domain. In an aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/Aenzymatic domain comprises amino acids 1-448 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/A enzymatic domain comprises anaturally occurring BoNT/A enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., anenzymatic domain from a BoNT/A isoform or an enzymatic domain from aBoNT/A subtype. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/A enzymaticdomain comprises amino acids 1-448 of a naturally occurring BoNT/Aenzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 1, such as, e.g., amino acids1-448 of a BoNT/A isoform of SEQ ID NO: 1 or amino acids 1-448 of aBoNT/A subtype of SEQ ID NO: 1. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/A enzymatic domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/A enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., a conservativeBoNT/A enzymatic domain variant, a non-conservative BoNT/A enzymaticdomain variant, a BoNT/A chimeric enzymatic domain, an active BoNT/Aenzymatic domain fragment, or any combination thereof. In still anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/A enzymatic domain comprises aminoacids 1-448 of a non-naturally occurring BoNT/A enzymatic domain variantof SEQ ID NO: 1, such as, e.g., amino acids 1-448 of a conservativeBoNT/A enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 1, amino acids 1-448 of anon-conservative BoNT/A enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 1, aminoacids 1-448 of an active BoNT/A enzymatic domain fragment of SEQ ID NO:1, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/A enzymatic domain comprisesa polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least 70%, atleast 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or atleast 97% to amino acids 1-448 of SEQ ID NO: 1; or at most 70%, at most75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97%to amino acids 1-448 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In yet other aspects of thisembodiment, a BoNT/A enzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 1-448 of SEQ ID NO: 1; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-448of SEQ ID NO: 1. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/Aenzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-448of SEQ ID NO: 1; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40,50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 1-448 of SEQ ID NO: 1.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain comprises aBoNT/B enzymatic domain. In an aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/Benzymatic domain comprises amino acids 1-441 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/B enzymatic domain comprises anaturally occurring BoNT/B enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., anenzymatic domain from a BoNT/B isoform or an enzymatic domain from aBoNT/B subtype. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/B enzymaticdomain comprises amino acids 1-441 of a naturally occurring BoNT/Benzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 2, such as, e.g., amino acids1-441 of a BoNT/B isoform of SEQ ID NO: 2 or amino acids 1-441 of aBoNT/B subtype of SEQ ID NO: 2. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/B enzymatic domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/B enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., a conservativeBoNT/B enzymatic domain variant, a non-conservative BoNT/B enzymaticdomain variant, a BoNT/B chimeric enzymatic domain, an active BoNT/Benzymatic domain fragment, or any combination thereof. In still anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/B enzymatic domain comprises aminoacids 1-441 of a non-naturally occurring BoNT/B enzymatic domain variantof SEQ ID NO: 2, such as, e.g., amino acids 1-441 of a conservativeBoNT/B enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 2, amino acids 1-441 of anon-conservative BoNT/B enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 2, aminoacids 1-441 of an active BoNT/B enzymatic domain fragment of SEQ ID NO:2, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/B enzymatic domain comprisesa polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least 70%, atleast 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or atleast 97% to amino acids 1-441 of SEQ ID NO: 2; or at most 70%, at most75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97%to amino acids 1-441 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In yet other aspects of thisembodiment, a BoNT/B enzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 1-441 of SEQ ID NO: 2; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-441of SEQ ID NO: 2. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/Benzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-441of SEQ ID NO: 2; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40,50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 1-441 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain comprises aBoNT/C1 enzymatic domain. In an aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/C1enzymatic domain comprises amino acids 1-449 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain comprises anaturally occurring BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., anenzymatic domain from a BoNT/C1 isoform or an enzymatic domain from aBoNT/C1 subtype. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/C1enzymatic domain comprises amino acids 1-449 of a naturally occurringBoNT/C1 enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 3, such as, e.g., aminoacids 1-449 of a BoNT/C1 isoform of SEQ ID NO: 3 or amino acids 1-449 ofa BoNT/C1 subtype of SEQ ID NO: 3. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., aconservative BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain variant, a non-conservativeBoNT/C1 enzymatic domain variant, a BoNT/C1 chimeric enzymatic domain,an active BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain fragment, or any combination thereof.In still another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/C1 enzymatic domaincomprises amino acids 1-449 of a non-naturally occurring BoNT/C1enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 3, such as, e.g., amino acids1-449 of a conservative BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO:3, amino acids 1-449 of a non-conservative BoNT/C1 enzymatic domainvariant of SEQ ID NO: 3, amino acids 1-449 of an active BoNT/C1enzymatic domain fragment of SEQ ID NO: 3, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/C1 enzymatic domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 1-449 of SEQ ID NO: 3; or at most70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, orat most 97% to amino acids 1-449 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In yet other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain comprises a polypeptidehaving, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or100 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 1-449 of SEQ ID NO: 3; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-449of SEQ ID NO: 3. In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/C1enzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-449of SEQ ID NO: 3; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40,50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 1-449 of SEQ ID NO: 3.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain comprises aBoNT/D enzymatic domain. In an aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/Denzymatic domain comprises amino acids 1-445 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/D enzymatic domain comprises anaturally occurring BoNT/D enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., anenzymatic domain from a BoNT/D isoform or an enzymatic domain from aBoNT/D subtype. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/D enzymaticdomain comprises amino acids 1-445 of a naturally occurring BoNT/Denzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 4, such as, e.g., amino acids1-445 of a BoNT/D isoform of SEQ ID NO: 4 or amino acids 1-445 of aBoNT/D subtype of SEQ ID NO: 4. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/D enzymatic domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/D enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., a conservativeBoNT/D enzymatic domain variant, a non-conservative BoNT/D enzymaticdomain variant, a BoNT/D chimeric enzymatic domain, an active BoNT/Denzymatic domain fragment, or any combination thereof. In still anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/D enzymatic domain comprises aminoacids 1-445 of a non-naturally occurring BoNT/D enzymatic domain variantof SEQ ID NO: 4, such as, e.g., amino acids 1-445 of a conservativeBoNT/D enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 4, amino acids 1-445 of anon-conservative BoNT/D enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 4, aminoacids 1-445 of an active BoNT/D enzymatic domain fragment of SEQ ID NO:4, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/D enzymatic domain comprisesa polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least 70%, atleast 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or atleast 97% to amino acids 1-445 of SEQ ID NO: 4; or at most 70%, at most75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97%to amino acids 1-445 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In yet other aspects of thisembodiment, a BoNT/D enzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 1-445 of SEQ ID NO: 4; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino acidsubstitutions relative to amino acids 1-445 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In stillother aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/D enzymatic domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 1-445 of SEQ ID NO: 4; or at most1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous aminoacid substitutions relative to amino acids 1-445 of SEQ ID NO: 4.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain comprises aBoNT/E enzymatic domain. In an aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/Eenzymatic domain comprises amino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 5. In anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/E enzymatic domain comprises anaturally occurring BoNT/E enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., anenzymatic domain from a BoNT/E isoform or an enzymatic domain from aBoNT/E subtype. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/E enzymaticdomain comprises amino acids 1-422 of a naturally occurring BoNT/Eenzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 5, such as, e.g., amino acids1-422 of a BoNT/E isoform of SEQ ID NO: 5 or amino acids 1-422 of aBoNT/E subtype of SEQ ID NO: 5. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/E enzymatic domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/E enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., a conservativeBoNT/E enzymatic domain variant, a non-conservative BoNT/E enzymaticdomain variant, a BoNT/E chimeric enzymatic domain, an active BoNT/Eenzymatic domain fragment, or any combination thereof. In still anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/E enzymatic domain comprises aminoacids 1-422 of a non-naturally occurring BoNT/E enzymatic domain variantof SEQ ID NO: 5, such as, e.g., amino acids 1-422 of a conservativeBoNT/E enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 5, amino acids 1-422 of anon-conservative BoNT/E enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 5, aminoacids 1-422 of an active BoNT/E enzymatic domain fragment of SEQ ID NO:5, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/E enzymatic domain comprisesa polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least 70%, atleast 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or atleast 97% to amino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 5; or at most 70%, at most75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97%to amino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 5. In yet other aspects of thisembodiment, a BoNT/E enzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 5; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-422of SEQ ID NO: 5. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/Eenzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-422of SEQ ID NO: 5; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40,50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 5.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain comprises aBoNT/F enzymatic domain. In an aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/Fenzymatic domain comprises amino acids 1-439 of SEQ ID NO: 6. In anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/F enzymatic domain comprises anaturally occurring BoNT/F enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., anenzymatic domain from a BoNT/F isoform or an enzymatic domain from aBoNT/F subtype. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/F enzymaticdomain comprises amino acids 1-439 of a naturally occurring BoNT/Fenzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 6, such as, e.g., amino acids1-439 of a BoNT/F isoform of SEQ ID NO: 6 or amino acids 1-439 of aBoNT/F subtype of SEQ ID NO: 6. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/F enzymatic domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/F enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., a conservativeBoNT/F enzymatic domain variant, a non-conservative BoNT/F enzymaticdomain variant, a BoNT/F chimeric enzymatic domain, an active BoNT/Fenzymatic domain fragment, or any combination thereof. In still anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/F enzymatic domain comprises aminoacids 1-439 of a non-naturally occurring BoNT/F enzymatic domain variantof SEQ ID NO: 6, such as, e.g., amino acids 1-439 of a conservativeBoNT/F enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 6, amino acids 1-439 of anon-conservative BoNT/F enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 6, aminoacids 1-439 of an active BoNT/F enzymatic domain fragment of SEQ ID NO:6, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/F enzymatic domain comprisesa polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least 70%, atleast 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or atleast 97% to amino acids 1-439 of SEQ ID NO: 6; or at most 70%, at most75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97%to amino acids 1-439 of SEQ ID NO: 6. In yet other aspects of thisembodiment, a BoNT/F enzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 1-439 of SEQ ID NO: 6; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-439of SEQ ID NO: 6. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/Fenzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-439of SEQ ID NO: 6; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40,50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 1-439 of SEQ ID NO: 6.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain comprises aBoNT/G enzymatic domain. In an aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/Genzymatic domain comprises amino acids 1-446 of SEQ ID NO: 7. In anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/G enzymatic domain comprises anaturally occurring BoNT/G enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., anenzymatic domain from a BoNT/G isoform or an enzymatic domain from aBoNT/G subtype. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/G enzymaticdomain comprises amino acids 1-446 of a naturally occurring BoNT/Genzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 7, such as, e.g., amino acids1-446 of a BoNT/G isoform of SEQ ID NO: 7 or amino acids 1-446 of aBoNT/G subtype of SEQ ID NO: 7. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/G enzymatic domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/G enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., a conservativeBoNT/G enzymatic domain variant, a non-conservative BoNT/G enzymaticdomain variant, a BoNT/G chimeric enzymatic domain, an active BoNT/Genzymatic domain fragment, or any combination thereof. In still anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/G enzymatic domain comprises aminoacids 1-446 of a non-naturally occurring BoNT/G enzymatic domain variantof SEQ ID NO: 7, such as, e.g., amino acids 1-446 of a conservativeBoNT/G enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 7, amino acids 1-446 of anon-conservative BoNT/G enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 7, aminoacids 1-446 of an active BoNT/G enzymatic domain fragment of SEQ ID NO:7, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/G enzymatic domain comprisesa polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least 70%, atleast 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or atleast 97% to amino acids 1-446 of SEQ ID NO: 7; or at most 70%, at most75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97%to amino acids 1-446 of SEQ ID NO: 7. In yet other aspects of thisembodiment, a BoNT/G enzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 1-446 of SEQ ID NO: 7; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-446of SEQ ID NO: 7. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/Genzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-446of SEQ ID NO: 7; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40,50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 1-446 of SEQ ID NO: 7.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain comprises aTeNT enzymatic domain. In an aspect of this embodiment, a TeNT enzymaticdomain comprises amino acids 1-457 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In another aspect ofthis embodiment, a TeNT enzymatic domain comprises a naturally occurringTeNT enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., an enzymatic domain from aTeNT isoform or an enzymatic domain from a TeNT subtype. In anotheraspect of this embodiment, a TeNT enzymatic domain comprises amino acids1-457 of a naturally occurring TeNT enzymatic domain variant of SEQ IDNO: 8, such as, e.g., amino acids 1-457 of a TeNT isoform of SEQ ID NO:8 or amino acids 1-457 of a TeNT subtype of SEQ ID NO: 8. In stillanother aspect of this embodiment, a TeNT enzymatic domain comprises anon-naturally occurring TeNT enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., aconservative TeNT enzymatic domain variant, a non-conservative TeNTenzymatic domain variant, a TeNT chimeric enzymatic domain, an activeTeNT enzymatic domain fragment, or any combination thereof. In stillanother aspect of this embodiment, a TeNT enzymatic domain comprisesamino acids 1-457 of a non-naturally occurring TeNT enzymatic domainvariant of SEQ ID NO: 8, such as, e.g., amino acids 1-457 of aconservative TeNT enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 8, amino acids1-457 of a non-conservative TeNT enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO:8, amino acids 1-457 of an active TeNT enzymatic domain fragment of SEQID NO: 8, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a TeNT enzymatic domain comprises apolypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least 70%, atleast 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or atleast 97% to amino acids 1-457 of SEQ ID NO: 8; or at most 70%, at most75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97%to amino acids 1-457 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In yet other aspects of thisembodiment, a TeNT enzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 1-457 of SEQ ID NO: 8; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-457of SEQ ID NO: 8. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a TeNTenzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-457of SEQ ID NO: 8; at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,or 100 contiguous amino acid substitutions relative to amino acids 1-457of SEQ ID NO: 8.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain comprises aBaNT enzymatic domain. In an aspect of this embodiment, a BaNT enzymaticdomain comprises amino acids 1-431 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In another aspect ofthis embodiment, a BaNT enzymatic domain comprises a naturally occurringBaNT enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., an enzymatic domain from aBaNT isoform or an enzymatic domain from a BaNT subtype. In anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BaNT enzymatic domain comprises amino acids1-431 of a naturally occurring BaNT enzymatic domain variant of SEQ IDNO: 9, such as, e.g., amino acids 1-431 of a BaNT isoform of SEQ ID NO:9 or amino acids 1-431 of a BaNT subtype of SEQ ID NO: 9. In stillanother aspect of this embodiment, a BaNT enzymatic domain comprises anon-naturally occurring BaNT enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., aconservative BaNT enzymatic domain variant, a non-conservative BaNTenzymatic domain variant, a BaNT chimeric enzymatic domain, an activeBaNT enzymatic domain fragment, or any combination thereof. In stillanother aspect of this embodiment, a BaNT enzymatic domain comprisesamino acids 1-431 of a non-naturally occurring BaNT enzymatic domainvariant of SEQ ID NO: 9, such as, e.g., amino acids 1-431 of aconservative BaNT enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 9, amino acids1-431 of a non-conservative BaNT enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO:9, amino acids 1-431 of an active BaNT enzymatic domain fragment of SEQID NO: 9, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BaNT enzymatic domain comprises apolypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least 70%, atleast 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or atleast 97% to amino acids 1-431 of SEQ ID NO: 9; or at most 70%, at most75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97%to amino acids 1-431 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In yet other aspects of thisembodiment, a BaNT enzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 1-431 of SEQ ID NO: 9; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-431of SEQ ID NO: 9. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a BaNTenzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-431of SEQ ID NO: 9; at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 1-431 of SEQ ID NO: 9.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain comprises aBuNT enzymatic domain. In an aspect of this embodiment, a BuNT enzymaticdomain comprises amino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In another aspectof this embodiment, a BuNT enzymatic domain comprises a naturallyoccurring BuNT enzymatic domain variant, such as, e.g., an enzymaticdomain from a BuNT isoform or an enzymatic domain from a BuNT subtype.In another aspect of this embodiment, a BuNT enzymatic domain comprisesamino acids 1-422 of a naturally occurring BuNT enzymatic domain variantof SEQ ID NO: 10, such as, e.g., amino acids 1-422 of a BuNT isoform ofSEQ ID NO: 10 or amino acids 1-422 of a BuNT subtype of SEQ ID NO: 10.In still another aspect of this embodiment, a BuNT enzymatic domaincomprises a non-naturally occurring BuNT enzymatic domain variant, suchas, e.g., a conservative BuNT enzymatic domain variant, anon-conservative BuNT enzymatic domain variant, a BuNT chimericenzymatic domain, an active BuNT enzymatic domain fragment, or anycombination thereof. In still another aspect of this embodiment, a BuNTenzymatic domain comprises amino acids 1-422 of a non-naturallyoccurring BuNT enzymatic domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 10, such as, e.g.,amino acids 1-422 of a conservative BuNT enzymatic domain variant of SEQID NO: 10, amino acids 1-422 of a non-conservative BuNT enzymatic domainvariant of SEQ ID NO: 10, amino acids 1-422 of an active BuNT enzymaticdomain fragment of SEQ ID NO: 10, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BuNT enzymatic domain comprises apolypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least 70%, atleast 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or atleast 97% to amino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 10; or at most 70%, at most75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97%to amino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In yet other aspects of thisembodiment, a BuNT enzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 1; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-422of SEQ ID NO: 10. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a BuNTenzymatic domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 or 200 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 1-422of SEQ ID NO: 10; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40,50, 100 or 200 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 1-422 of SEQ ID NO: 10.

The “translocation domain” comprises a portion of a Clostridialneurotoxin heavy chain having a translocation activity. By“translocation” is meant the ability to facilitate the transport of apolypeptide through a vesicular membrane, thereby exposing some or allof the polypeptide to the cytoplasm. In the various botulinumneurotoxins translocation is thought to involve an allostericconformational change of the heavy chain caused by a decrease in pHwithin the endosome. This conformational change appears to involve andbe mediated by the N terminal half of the heavy chain and to result inthe formation of pores in the vesicular membrane; this change permitsthe movement of the proteolytic light chain from within the endosomalvesicle into the cytoplasm. See e.g., Lacy, et al., Nature Struct. Biol.5:898-902 (October 1998).

The amino acid sequence of the translocation-mediating portion of thebotulinum neurotoxin heavy chain is known to those of skill in the art;additionally, those amino acid residues within this portion that areknown to be essential for conferring the translocation activity are alsoknown. It would therefore be well within the ability of one of ordinaryskill in the art, for example, to employ the naturally occurringN-terminal peptide half of the heavy chain of any of the variousClostridium tetanus or Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin subtypes as atranslocation domain, or to design an analogous translocation domain byaligning the primary sequences of the N-terminal halves of the variousheavy chains and selecting a consensus primary translocation sequencebased on conserved amino acid, polarity, steric and hydrophobicitycharacteristics between the sequences.

In another aspect of the invention, a TVEMP comprises, in part, aClostridial toxin translocation domain. As used herein, the term“Clostridial toxin translocation domain” refers to any Clostridial toxinpolypeptide that can execute the translocation step of the intoxicationprocess that mediates Clostridial toxin light chain translocation. Thus,a Clostridial toxin translocation domain facilitates the movement of aClostridial toxin light chain across a membrane and encompasses themovement of a Clostridial toxin light chain through the membrane anintracellular vesicle into the cytoplasm of a cell. Non-limitingexamples of a Clostridial toxin translocation domain include, e.g., aBoNT/A translocation domain, a BoNT/B translocation domain, a BoNT/C1translocation domain, a BoNT/D translocation domain, a BoNT/Etranslocation domain, a BoNT/F translocation domain, a BoNT/Gtranslocation domain, a TeNT translocation domain, a BaNT translocationdomain, and a BuNT translocation domain. Other non-limiting examples ofa Clostridial toxin translocation domain include, e.g., amino acids449-873 of SEQ ID NO: 1, amino acids 442-860 of SEQ ID NO: 2, aminoacids 450-868 of SEQ ID NO: 3, amino acids 446-864 of SEQ ID NO: 4,amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 5, amino acids 440-866 of SEQ ID NO:6, amino acids 447-865 of SEQ ID NO: 7, amino acids 458-881 of SEQ IDNO: 8, amino acids 432-857 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and amino acids 423-847 ofSEQ ID NO: 10.

A Clostridial toxin translocation domain includes, without limitation,naturally occurring Clostridial toxin translocation domain variants,such as, e.g., Clostridial toxin translocation domain isoforms andClostridial toxin translocation domain subtypes; non-naturally occurringClostridial toxin translocation domain variants, such as, e.g.,conservative Clostridial toxin translocation domain variants,non-conservative Clostridial toxin translocation domain variants,Clostridial toxin translocation domain chimerics, active Clostridialtoxin translocation domain fragments thereof, or any combinationthereof.

As used herein, the term “Clostridial toxin translocation domainvariant,” whether naturally-occurring or non-naturally-occurring, refersto a Clostridial toxin translocation domain that has at least one aminoacid change from the corresponding region of the disclosed referencesequences (Table 1) and can be described in percent identity to thecorresponding region of that reference sequence. Unless expresslyindicated, Clostridial toxin translocation domain variants useful topractice disclosed embodiments are variants that execute thetranslocation step of the intoxication process that mediates Clostridialtoxin light chain translocation. As non-limiting examples, a BoNT/Atranslocation domain variant comprising amino acids 449-873 of SEQ IDNO: 1 will have at least one amino acid difference, such as, e.g., anamino acid substitution, deletion or addition, as compared to the aminoacid region 449-873 of SEQ ID NO: 1; a BoNT/B translocation domainvariant comprising amino acids 442-860 of SEQ ID NO: 2 will have atleast one amino acid difference, such as, e.g., an amino acidsubstitution, deletion or addition, as compared to the amino acid region442-860 of SEQ ID NO: 2; a BoNT/C1 translocation domain variantcomprising amino acids 450-868 of SEQ ID NO: 3 will have at least oneamino acid difference, such as, e.g., an amino acid substitution,deletion or addition, as compared to the amino acid region 450-868 ofSEQ ID NO: 3; a BoNT/D translocation domain variant comprising aminoacids 446-864 of SEQ ID NO: 4 will have at least one amino aciddifference, such as, e.g., an amino acid substitution, deletion oraddition, as compared to the amino acid region 446-864 of SEQ ID NO: 4;a BoNT/E translocation domain variant comprising amino acids 423-847 ofSEQ ID NO: 5 will have at least one amino acid difference, such as,e.g., an amino acid substitution, deletion or addition, as compared tothe amino acid region 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 5; a BoNT/F translocationdomain variant comprising amino acids 440-866 of SEQ ID NO: 6 will haveat least one amino acid difference, such as, e.g., an amino acidsubstitution, deletion or addition, as compared to the amino acid region440-866 of SEQ ID NO: 6; a BoNT/G translocation domain variantcomprising amino acids 447-865 of SEQ ID NO: 7 will have at least oneamino acid difference, such as, e.g., an amino acid substitution,deletion or addition, as compared to the amino acid region 447-865 ofSEQ ID NO: 7; a TeNT translocation domain variant comprising amino acids458-881 of SEQ ID NO: 8 will have at least one amino acid difference,such as, e.g., an amino acid substitution, deletion or addition, ascompared to the amino acid region 458-881 of SEQ ID NO: 8; a BaNTtranslocation domain variant comprising amino acids 432-857 of SEQ IDNO: 9 will have at least one amino acid difference, such as, e.g., anamino acid substitution, deletion or addition, as compared to the aminoacid region 432-857 of SEQ ID NO: 9; and a BuNT translocation domainvariant comprising amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 10 will have atleast one amino acid difference, such as, e.g., an amino acidsubstitution, deletion or addition, as compared to the amino acid region423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 10.

It is recognized by those of skill in the art that within each serotypeof Clostridial toxin there can be naturally occurring Clostridial toxintranslocation domain variants that differ somewhat in their amino acidsequence, and also in the nucleic acids encoding these proteins. Forexample, there are presently five BoNT/A subtypes, BoNT/A1, BoNT/A2,BoNT/A3, BoNT/A4, and BoNT/A5, with specific translocation domainsubtypes showing approximately 87% amino acid identity when compared toanother BoNT/A translocation domain subtype. As used herein, the term“naturally occurring Clostridial toxin translocation domain variant”refers to any Clostridial toxin translocation domain produced by anaturally-occurring process, including, without limitation, Clostridialtoxin translocation domain isoforms produced from alternatively-splicedtranscripts, Clostridial toxin translocation domain isoforms produced byspontaneous mutation and Clostridial toxin translocation domainsubtypes. A naturally occurring Clostridial toxin translocation domainvariant can function in substantially the same manner as the referenceClostridial toxin translocation domain on which the naturally occurringClostridial toxin translocation domain variant is based, and can besubstituted for the reference Clostridial toxin translocation domain inany aspect of the present invention.

A non-limiting example of a naturally occurring Clostridial toxintranslocation domain variant is a Clostridial toxin translocation domainisoform such as, e.g., a BoNT/A translocation domain isoform, a BoNT/Btranslocation domain isoform, a BoNT/C1 translocation domain isoform, aBoNT/D translocation domain isoform, a BoNT/E translocation domainisoform, a BoNT/F translocation domain isoform, a BoNT/G translocationdomain isoform, a TeNT translocation domain isoform, a BaNTtranslocation domain isoform, and a BuNT translocation domain isoform.Another non-limiting example of a naturally occurring Clostridial toxintranslocation domain variant is a Clostridial toxin translocation domainsubtype such as, e.g., a translocation domain from subtype BoNT/A1,BoNT/A2, BoNT/A3, BoNT/A4, and BoNT/A5; a translocation domain fromsubtype BoNT/B1, BoNT/B2, BoNT/B bivalent and BoNT/B nonproteolytic; atranslocation domain from subtype BoNT/C1-1 and BoNT/C1-2; atranslocation domain from subtype BoNT/E1, BoNT/E2 and BoNT/E3; and atranslocation domain from subtype BoNT/F1, BoNT/F2, BoNT/F3 and BoNT/F4.

As used herein, the term “non-naturally occurring Clostridial toxintranslocation domain variant” refers to any Clostridial toxintranslocation domain produced with the aid of human manipulation,including, without limitation, Clostridial toxin translocation domainsproduced by genetic engineering using random mutagenesis or rationaldesign and Clostridial toxin translocation domains produced by chemicalsynthesis. Non-limiting examples of non-naturally occurring Clostridialtoxin translocation domain variants include, e.g., conservativeClostridial toxin translocation domain variants, non-conservativeClostridial toxin translocation domain variants, Clostridial toxintranslocation domain chimeric variants and active Clostridial toxintranslocation domain fragments.

As used herein, the term “conservative Clostridial toxin translocationdomain variant” refers to a Clostridial toxin translocation domain thathas at least one amino acid substituted by another amino acid or anamino acid analog that has at least one property similar to that of theoriginal amino acid from the reference Clostridial toxin translocationdomain sequence (Table 1). Examples of properties include, withoutlimitation, similar size, topography, charge, hydrophobicity,hydrophilicity, lipophilicity, covalent-bonding capacity,hydrogen-bonding capacity, a physicochemical property, of the like, orany combination thereof. A conservative Clostridial toxin translocationdomain variant can function in substantially the same manner as thereference Clostridial toxin translocation domain on which theconservative Clostridial toxin translocation domain variant is based,and can be substituted for the reference Clostridial toxin translocationdomain in any aspect of the present invention. Non-limiting examples ofa conservative Clostridial toxin translocation domain variant include,e.g., conservative BoNT/A translocation domain variants, conservativeBoNT/B translocation domain variants, conservative BoNT/C1 translocationdomain variants, conservative BoNT/D translocation domain variants,conservative BoNT/E translocation domain variants, conservative BoNT/Ftranslocation domain variants, conservative BoNT/G translocation domainvariants, conservative TeNT translocation domain variants, conservativeBaNT translocation domain variants, and conservative BuNT translocationdomain variants.

As used herein, the term “non-conservative Clostridial toxintranslocation domain variant” refers to a Clostridial toxintranslocation domain in which 1) at least one amino acid is deleted fromthe reference Clostridial toxin translocation domain on which thenon-conservative Clostridial toxin translocation domain variant isbased; 2) at least one amino acid added to the reference Clostridialtoxin translocation domain on which the non-conservative Clostridialtoxin translocation domain is based; or 3) at least one amino acid issubstituted by another amino acid or an amino acid analog that does notshare any property similar to that of the original amino acid from thereference Clostridial toxin translocation domain sequence (Table 1). Anon-conservative Clostridial toxin translocation domain variant canfunction in substantially the same manner as the reference Clostridialtoxin translocation domain on which the non-conservative Clostridialtoxin translocation domain variant is based, and can be substituted forthe reference Clostridial toxin translocation domain in any aspect ofthe present invention. Non-limiting examples of a non-conservativeClostridial toxin translocation domain variant include, e.g.,non-conservative BoNT/A translocation domain variants, non-conservativeBoNT/B translocation domain variants, non-conservative BoNT/C1translocation domain variants, non-conservative BoNT/D translocationdomain variants, non-conservative BoNT/E translocation domain variants,non-conservative BoNT/F translocation domain variants, non-conservativeBoNT/G translocation domain variants, and non-conservative TeNTtranslocation domain variants, non-conservative BaNT translocationdomain variants, and non-conservative BuNT translocation domainvariants.

As used herein, the term “Clostridial toxin translocation domainchimeric” refers to a polypeptide comprising at least a portion of aClostridial toxin translocation domain and at least a portion of atleast one other polypeptide to form a toxin translocation domain with atleast one property different from the reference Clostridial toxintranslocation domains of Table 1, with the proviso that this Clostridialtoxin translocation domain chimeric is still capable of specificallytargeting the core components of the neurotransmitter release apparatusand thus participate in executing the overall cellular mechanism wherebya Clostridial toxin proteolytically cleaves a substrate.

As used herein, the term “active Clostridial toxin translocation domainfragment” refers to any of a variety of Clostridial toxin fragmentscomprising the translocation domain can be useful in aspects of thepresent invention with the proviso that these active fragments canfacilitate the release of the LC from intracellular vesicles into thecytoplasm of the target cell and thus participate in executing theoverall cellular mechanism whereby a Clostridial toxin proteolyticallycleaves a substrate. The translocation domains from the heavy chains ofClostridial toxins are approximately 410-430 amino acids in length andcomprise a translocation domain (Table 1). Research has shown that theentire length of a translocation domain from a Clostridial toxin heavychain is not necessary for the translocating activity of thetranslocation domain. Thus, aspects of this embodiment can includeClostridial toxin translocation domains comprising a translocationdomain having a length of, e.g., at least 350 amino acids, at least 375amino acids, at least 400 amino acids or at least 425 amino acids. Otheraspects of this embodiment can include Clostridial toxin translocationdomains comprising translocation domain having a length of, e.g., atmost 350 amino acids, at most 375 amino acids, at most 400 amino acidsor at most 425 amino acids.

Any of a variety of sequence alignment methods can be used to determinepercent identity of naturally-occurring Clostridial toxin translocationdomain variants and non-naturally-occurring Clostridial toxintranslocation domain variants, including, without limitation, globalmethods, local methods and hybrid methods, such as, e.g., segmentapproach methods. Protocols to determine percent identity are routineprocedures within the scope of one skilled in the art and from theteaching herein.

Thus, in an embodiment, a TVEMP disclosed in the present specificationcomprises a Clostridial toxin translocation domain. In an aspect of thisembodiment, a Clostridial toxin translocation domain comprises anaturally occurring Clostridial toxin translocation domain variant, suchas, e.g., a Clostridial toxin translocation domain isoform or aClostridial toxin translocation domain subtype. In another aspect ofthis embodiment, a Clostridial toxin translocation domain comprises anon-naturally occurring Clostridial toxin translocation domain variant,such as, e.g., a conservative Clostridial toxin translocation domainvariant, a non-conservative Clostridial toxin translocation domainvariant, a Clostridial toxin chimeric translocation domain, an activeClostridial toxin translocation domain fragment, or any combinationthereof.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin translocation domaincomprises a BoNT/A translocation domain. In an aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/A translocation domain comprises amino acids 449-873of SEQ ID NO: 1. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/Atranslocation domain comprises a naturally occurring BoNT/Atranslocation domain variant, such as, e.g., a translocation domain froma BoNT/A isoform or a translocation domain from a BoNT/A subtype. Inanother aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/A translocation domaincomprises amino acids 449-873 of a naturally occurring BoNT/Atranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 1, such as, e.g., amino acids449-873 of a BoNT/A isoform of SEQ ID NO: 1 or amino acids 449-873 of aBoNT/A subtype of SEQ ID NO: 1. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/A translocation domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/A translocation domain variant, such as, e.g., aconservative BoNT/A translocation domain variant, a non-conservativeBoNT/A translocation domain variant, a BoNT/A chimeric translocationdomain, an active BoNT/A translocation domain fragment, or anycombination thereof. In still another aspect of this embodiment, aBoNT/A translocation domain comprises amino acids 449-873 of anon-naturally occurring BoNT/A translocation domain variant of SEQ IDNO: 1, such as, e.g., amino acids 449-873 of a conservative BoNT/Atranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 1, amino acids 449-873 of anon-conservative BoNT/A translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 1,amino acids 449-873 of an active BoNT/A translocation domain fragment ofSEQ ID NO: 1, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/A translocation domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 449-873 of SEQ ID NO: 1; or at most70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, orat most 97% to amino acids 449-873 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In yet other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/A translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions,and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 449-873 of SEQ ID NO: 1; atmost 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 449-873 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In still other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/A translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 449-873 of SEQ ID NO: 1; at most1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 or 200 contiguousamino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to aminoacids 449-873 of SEQ ID NO: 1.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin translocation domaincomprises a BoNT/B translocation domain. In an aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/B translocation domain comprises amino acids 442-860of SEQ ID NO: 2. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/Btranslocation domain comprises a naturally occurring BoNT/Btranslocation domain variant, such as, e.g., a translocation domain froma BoNT/B isoform or a translocation domain from a BoNT/B subtype. Inanother aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/B translocation domaincomprises amino acids 442-860 of a naturally occurring BoNT/Btranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 2, such as, e.g., amino acids442-860 of a BoNT/B isoform of SEQ ID NO: 2 or amino acids 442-860 of aBoNT/B subtype of SEQ ID NO: 2. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/B translocation domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/B translocation domain variant, such as, e.g., aconservative BoNT/B translocation domain variant, a non-conservativeBoNT/B translocation domain variant, a BoNT/B chimeric translocationdomain, an active BoNT/B translocation domain fragment, or anycombination thereof. In still another aspect of this embodiment, aBoNT/B translocation domain comprises amino acids 442-860 of anon-naturally occurring BoNT/B translocation domain variant of SEQ IDNO: 2, such as, e.g., amino acids 442-860 of a conservative BoNT/Btranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 2, amino acids 442-860 of anon-conservative BoNT/B translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 2,amino acids 442-860 of an active BoNT/B translocation domain fragment ofSEQ ID NO: 2, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/B translocation domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 442-860 of SEQ ID NO: 2; or at most70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, orat most 97% to amino acids 442-860 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In yet other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/B translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions,and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 442-860 of SEQ ID NO: 2; orat most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 or 200non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 442-860 of SEQ ID NO: 2. In still other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/B translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 442-860 of SEQ ID NO: 2; or atmost 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguousamino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to aminoacids 442-860 of SEQ ID NO: 2.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin translocation domaincomprises a BoNT/C1 translocation domain. In an aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/C1 translocation domain comprises amino acids 450-868of SEQ ID NO: 3. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/C1translocation domain comprises a naturally occurring BoNT/C1translocation domain variant, such as, e.g., a translocation domain froma BoNT/C1 isoform or a translocation domain from a BoNT/C1 subtype. Inanother aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/C1 translocation domaincomprises amino acids 450-868 of a naturally occurring BoNT/C1translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 3, such as, e.g., amino acids450-868 of a BoNT/C1 isoform of SEQ ID NO: 3 or amino acids 450-868 of aBoNT/C1 subtype of SEQ ID NO: 3. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/C1 translocation domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/C1 translocation domain variant, such as, e.g., aconservative BoNT/C1 translocation domain variant, a non-conservativeBoNT/C1 translocation domain variant, a BoNT/C1 chimeric translocationdomain, an active BoNT/C1 translocation domain fragment, or anycombination thereof. In still another aspect of this embodiment, aBoNT/C1 translocation domain comprises amino acids 450-868 of anon-naturally occurring BoNT/C1 translocation domain variant of SEQ IDNO: 3, such as, e.g., amino acids 450-868 of a conservative BoNT/C1translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 3, amino acids 450-868 of anon-conservative BoNT/C1 translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 3,amino acids 450-868 of an active BoNT/C1 translocation domain fragmentof SEQ ID NO: 3, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/C1 translocation domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 450-868 of SEQ ID NO: 3; or at most70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, orat most 97% to amino acids 450-868 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In yet other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/C1 translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions,and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 450-868 of SEQ ID NO: 3; orat most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 450-868 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In still other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/C1 translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 450-868 of SEQ ID NO: 3; or atmost 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguousamino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to aminoacids 450-868 of SEQ ID NO: 3.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin translocation domaincomprises a BoNT/D translocation domain. In an aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/D translocation domain comprises amino acids 446-864of SEQ ID NO: 4. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/Dtranslocation domain comprises a naturally occurring BoNT/Dtranslocation domain variant, such as, e.g., a translocation domain froma BoNT/D isoform or a translocation domain from a BoNT/D subtype. Inanother aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/D translocation domaincomprises amino acids 446-864 of a naturally occurring BoNT/Dtranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 4, such as, e.g., amino acids446-864 of a BoNT/D isoform of SEQ ID NO: 4 or amino acids 446-864 of aBoNT/D subtype of SEQ ID NO: 4. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/D translocation domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/D translocation domain variant, such as, e.g., aconservative BoNT/D translocation domain variant, a non-conservativeBoNT/D translocation domain variant, a BoNT/D chimeric translocationdomain, an active BoNT/D translocation domain fragment, or anycombination thereof. In still another aspect of this embodiment, aBoNT/D translocation domain comprises amino acids 446-864 of anon-naturally occurring BoNT/D translocation domain variant of SEQ IDNO: 4, such as, e.g., amino acids 446-864 of a conservative BoNT/Dtranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 4, amino acids 446-864 of anon-conservative BoNT/D translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 4,amino acids 446-864 of an active BoNT/D translocation domain fragment ofSEQ ID NO: 4, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/D translocation domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 446-864 of SEQ ID NO: 4; or at most70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, orat most 97% to amino acids 446-864 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In yet other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/D translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions,and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 446-864 of SEQ ID NO: 4; orat most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 446-864 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In still other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/D translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 446-864 of SEQ ID NO: 4; or atmost 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguousamino acid substitutions relative to amino acids 446-864 of SEQ ID NO:4.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin translocation domaincomprises a BoNT/E translocation domain. In an aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/E translocation domain comprises amino acids 423-847of SEQ ID NO: 5. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/Etranslocation domain comprises a naturally occurring BoNT/Etranslocation domain variant, such as, e.g., a translocation domain froma BoNT/E isoform or a translocation domain from a BoNT/E subtype. Inanother aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/E translocation domaincomprises amino acids 423-847 of a naturally occurring BoNT/Etranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 5, such as, e.g., amino acids423-847 of a BoNT/E isoform of SEQ ID NO: 5 or amino acids 423-847 of aBoNT/E subtype of SEQ ID NO: 5. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/E translocation domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/E translocation domain variant, such as, e.g., aconservative BoNT/E translocation domain variant, a non-conservativeBoNT/E translocation domain variant, a BoNT/E chimeric translocationdomain, an active BoNT/E translocation domain fragment, or anycombination thereof. In still another aspect of this embodiment, aBoNT/E translocation domain comprises amino acids 423-847 of anon-naturally occurring BoNT/E translocation domain variant of SEQ IDNO: 5, such as, e.g., amino acids 423-847 of a conservative BoNT/Etranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 5, amino acids 423-847 of anon-conservative BoNT/E translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 5,amino acids 423-847 of an active BoNT/E translocation domain fragment ofSEQ ID NO: 5, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/E translocation domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 5; or at most70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, orat most 97% to amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 5. In yet other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/E translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions,and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 5; orat most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 5. In still other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/E translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 5; or atmost 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguousamino acid substitutions relative to amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO:5.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin translocation domaincomprises a BoNT/F translocation domain. In an aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/F translocation domain comprises amino acids 440-866of SEQ ID NO: 6. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/Ftranslocation domain comprises a naturally occurring BoNT/Ftranslocation domain variant, such as, e.g., a translocation domain froma BoNT/F isoform or a translocation domain from a BoNT/F subtype. Inanother aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/F translocation domaincomprises amino acids 440-866 of a naturally occurring BoNT/Ftranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 6, such as, e.g., amino acids440-866 of a BoNT/F isoform of SEQ ID NO: 6 or amino acids 440-866 of aBoNT/F subtype of SEQ ID NO: 6. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/F translocation domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/F translocation domain variant, such as, e.g., aconservative BoNT/F translocation domain variant, a non-conservativeBoNT/F translocation domain variant, a BoNT/F chimeric translocationdomain, an active BoNT/F translocation domain fragment, or anycombination thereof. In still another aspect of this embodiment, aBoNT/F translocation domain comprises amino acids 440-866 of anon-naturally occurring BoNT/F translocation domain variant of SEQ IDNO: 6, such as, e.g., amino acids 440-866 of a conservative BoNT/Ftranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 6, amino acids 440-866 of anon-conservative BoNT/F translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 6,amino acids 440-866 of an active BoNT/F translocation domain fragment ofSEQ ID NO: 6, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/F translocation domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 440-866 of SEQ ID NO: 6; or at most70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, orat most 97% to amino acids 440-866 of SEQ ID NO: 6. In yet other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/F translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions,and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 440-866 of SEQ ID NO: 6; orat most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 440-866 of SEQ ID NO: 6. In still other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/F translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 440-866 of SEQ ID NO: 6; or atmost 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguousamino acid substitutions relative to amino acids 440-866 of SEQ ID NO:6.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin translocation domaincomprises a BoNT/G translocation domain. In an aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/G translocation domain comprises amino acids 447-865of SEQ ID NO: 7. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/Gtranslocation domain comprises a naturally occurring BoNT/Gtranslocation domain variant, such as, e.g., a translocation domain froma BoNT/G isoform or a translocation domain from a BoNT/G subtype. Inanother aspect of this embodiment, a BoNT/G translocation domaincomprises amino acids 447-865 of a naturally occurring BoNT/Gtranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 7, such as, e.g., amino acids447-865 of a BoNT/G isoform of SEQ ID NO: 7 or amino acids 447-865 of aBoNT/G subtype of SEQ ID NO: 7. In still another aspect of thisembodiment, a BoNT/G translocation domain comprises a non-naturallyoccurring BoNT/G translocation domain variant, such as, e.g., aconservative BoNT/G translocation domain variant, a non-conservativeBoNT/G translocation domain variant, a BoNT/G chimeric translocationdomain, an active BoNT/G translocation domain fragment, or anycombination thereof. In still another aspect of this embodiment, aBoNT/G translocation domain comprises amino acids 447-865 of anon-naturally occurring BoNT/G translocation domain variant of SEQ IDNO: 7, such as, e.g., amino acids 447-865 of a conservative BoNT/Gtranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 7, amino acids 447-865 of anon-conservative BoNT/G translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 7,amino acids 447-865 of an active BoNT/G translocation domain fragment ofSEQ ID NO: 7, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BoNT/G translocation domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 447-865 of SEQ ID NO: 7; or at most70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, orat most 97% to amino acids 447-865 of SEQ ID NO: 7. In yet other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/G translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions,and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 447-865 of SEQ ID NO: 7; orat most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 447-865 of SEQ ID NO: 7. In still other aspectsof this embodiment, a BoNT/G translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 447-865 of SEQ ID NO: 7; or atmost 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguousamino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to aminoacids 447-865 of SEQ ID NO: 7.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin translocation domaincomprises a TeNT translocation domain. In an aspect of this embodiment,a TeNT translocation domain comprises amino acids 458-881 of SEQ ID NO:8. In another aspect of this embodiment, a TeNT translocation domaincomprises a naturally occurring TeNT translocation domain variant, suchas, e.g., a translocation domain from a TeNT isoform or a translocationdomain from a TeNT subtype. In another aspect of this embodiment, a TeNTtranslocation domain comprises amino acids 458-881 of a naturallyoccurring TeNT translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 8, such as,e.g., amino acids 458-881 of a TeNT isoform of SEQ ID NO: 8 or aminoacids 458-881 of a TeNT subtype of SEQ ID NO: 8. In still another aspectof this embodiment, a TeNT translocation domain comprises anon-naturally occurring TeNT translocation domain variant, such as,e.g., a conservative TeNT translocation domain variant, anon-conservative TeNT translocation domain variant, a TeNT chimerictranslocation domain, an active TeNT translocation domain fragment, orany combination thereof. In still another aspect of this embodiment, aTeNT translocation domain comprises amino acids 458-881 of anon-naturally occurring TeNT translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO:8, such as, e.g., amino acids 458-881 of a conservative TeNTtranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 8, amino acids 458-881 of anon-conservative TeNT translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 8,amino acids 458-881 of an active TeNT translocation domain fragment ofSEQ ID NO: 8, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a TeNT translocation domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 458-881 of SEQ ID NO: 8; or at most70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, orat most 97% to amino acids 458-881 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In yet other aspectsof this embodiment, a TeNT translocation domain comprises a polypeptidehaving, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or100 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 458-881 of SEQ ID NO: 8; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids458-881 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In still other aspects of this embodiment, aTeNT translocation domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous aminoacid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids458-881 of SEQ ID NO: 8; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 458-881 of SEQ ID NO: 8.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin translocation domaincomprises a BaNT translocation domain. In an aspect of this embodiment,a BaNT translocation domain comprises amino acids 432-857 of SEQ ID NO:9. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BaNT translocation domaincomprises a naturally occurring BaNT translocation domain variant, suchas, e.g., a translocation domain from a BaNT isoform or a translocationdomain from a BaNT subtype. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BaNTtranslocation domain comprises amino acids 432-857 of a naturallyoccurring BaNT translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 9, such as,e.g., amino acids 432-857 of a BaNT isoform of SEQ ID NO: 9 or aminoacids 432-857 of a BaNT subtype of SEQ ID NO: 9. In still another aspectof this embodiment, a BaNT translocation domain comprises anon-naturally occurring BaNT translocation domain variant, such as,e.g., a conservative BaNT translocation domain variant, anon-conservative BaNT translocation domain variant, a BaNT chimerictranslocation domain, an active BaNT translocation domain fragment, orany combination thereof. In still another aspect of this embodiment, aBaNT translocation domain comprises amino acids 432-857 of anon-naturally occurring BaNT translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO:9, such as, e.g., amino acids 432-857 of a conservative BaNTtranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 9, amino acids 432-857 of anon-conservative BaNT translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 9,amino acids 432-857 of an active BaNT translocation domain fragment ofSEQ ID NO: 9, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BaNT translocation domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 432-857 of SEQ ID NO: 9; or at most70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, orat most 97% to amino acids 432-857 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In yet other aspectsof this embodiment, a BaNT translocation domain comprises a polypeptidehaving, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or100 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 432-857 of SEQ ID NO: 9; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids432-857 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In still other aspects of this embodiment, aBaNT translocation domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous aminoacid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids432-857 of SEQ ID NO: 9; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 432-857 of SEQ ID NO: 9.

In another embodiment, a Clostridial toxin translocation domaincomprises a BuNT translocation domain. In an aspect of this embodiment,a BuNT translocation domain comprises amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO:10. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BuNT translocation domaincomprises a naturally occurring BuNT translocation domain variant, suchas, e.g., a translocation domain from a BuNT isoform or a translocationdomain from a BuNT subtype. In another aspect of this embodiment, a BuNTtranslocation domain comprises amino acids 423-847 of a naturallyoccurring BuNT translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 10, such as,e.g., amino acids 423-847 of a BuNT isoform of SEQ ID NO: 10 or aminoacids 423-847 of a BuNT subtype of SEQ ID NO: 10. In still anotheraspect of this embodiment, a BuNT translocation domain comprises anon-naturally occurring BuNT translocation domain variant, such as,e.g., a conservative BuNT translocation domain variant, anon-conservative BuNT translocation domain variant, a BuNT chimerictranslocation domain, an active BuNT translocation domain fragment, orany combination thereof. In still another aspect of this embodiment, aBuNT translocation domain comprises amino acids 423-847 of anon-naturally occurring BuNT translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO:10, such as, e.g., amino acids 423-847 of a conservative BuNTtranslocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 10, amino acids 423-847 of anon-conservative BuNT translocation domain variant of SEQ ID NO: 10,amino acids 423-847 of an active BuNT translocation domain fragment ofSEQ ID NO: 10, or any combination thereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a BuNT translocation domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% of amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 10; or at most70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, orat most 97% of amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In yet otheraspects of this embodiment, a BuNT translocation domain comprises apolypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, or 100 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions,and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 10;or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In still other aspectsof this embodiment, a BuNT translocation domain comprises a polypeptidehaving, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or100 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 10; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or 100 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids423-847 of SEQ ID NO: 10.

In another aspect of the invention, a TVEMP comprises, in part, aretargeted peptide binding domain. As used herein, the term “peptidebinding domain” refers to an amino acid sequence region able toselectively bind to a cell surface marker characteristic of the targetcell under physiological conditions. As used herein, the term“retargeted peptide binding domain” refers to a peptide binding domainthat does not selectively bind to a Clostridial toxin receptor underphysiological conditions. The cell surface marker may comprise apolypeptide, a polysaccharide, a lipid, a glycoprotein, a lipoprotein,or may have structural characteristics of more than one of these. Asused herein, the term “selectively bind” refers to molecule is able tobind its target receptor under physiological conditions, or in vitroconditions substantially approximating physiological conditions, to astatistically significantly greater degree relative to other, non-targetreceptors.

Thus, in an embodiment, a retargeted binding domain that selectivelybinds a target receptor has a dissociation equilibrium constant (K_(D))that is greater for the target receptor relative to a non-targetreceptor by, e.g., at least one-fold, at least two-fold, at leastthree-fold, at least four fold, at least five-fold, at least 10 fold, atleast 50 fold, at least 100 fold, at least 1000 fold, at least 10,000fold, or at least 100,000 fold. In another embodiment, a retargetedbinding domain that selectively binds a target receptor has adissociation equilibrium constant (K_(D)) that is greater for the targetreceptor relative to a non-target receptor by, e.g., about one-fold toabout three-fold, about one-fold to about five-fold, about one-fold toabout 10-fold, about one-fold to about 100-fold, about one-fold to about1000-fold, about five-fold to about 10-fold, about five-fold to about100-fold, about five-fold to about 1000-fold, about 10-fold to about100-fold, about 10-fold to about 1000-fold, about 10-fold to about10,000-fold, or about 10-fold to about 100,000-fold.

An example of a retargeted binding element disclosed in the presentspecification is a galanin peptide binding domain. Non-limiting examplesof a galanin peptide binding domain include a galanin or a galaninmessage-associated peptide (GMAP).

Thus, in an embodiment, a retargeted binding domain comprises a galaninpeptide binding domain. In aspects of this embodiment, a galanin peptidebinding domain comprises a galanin or a galanin message-associatedpeptide (GMAP). In other aspects of this embodiment, a galanin peptidebinding domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 67 or SEQ ID NO: 68.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a galanin binding domain comprisesa polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least 70%, atleast 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or atleast 97% to SEQ ID NO: 67 or SEQ ID NO: 68; or at most 70%, at most75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97%to SEQ ID NO: 67 or SEQ ID NO: 68. In yet other aspects of thisembodiment, a galanin binding domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 non-contiguous aminoacid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:67 or SEQ ID NO: 68; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to SEQ ID NO: 67 or SEQ ID NO: 68. In still other aspects ofthis embodiment, a galanin binding domain comprises a polypeptidehaving, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 contiguous aminoacid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:67 or SEQ ID NO: 68; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to SEQ ID NO: 67 or SEQ ID NO: 68.

Another example of a retargeted binding element disclosed in the presentspecification is a protease activated receptor (PAR) peptide bindingdomain. Non-limiting examples of a PAR peptide binding domain include aPAR1 peptide, a PAR2 peptide, a PAR3 peptide and a PAR4 peptide.

Thus, in an embodiment, a retargeted binding element comprises a PARpeptide binding domain. In aspects of this embodiment, a PAR peptidebinding domain comprises a PAR1 peptide, a PAR2 peptide, a PAR3 peptideor a PAR4 peptide. In other aspects of this embodiment, a PAR peptidebinding domain comprises amino acids 42-47, amino acids 42-55, aminoacids 29-64 or amino acids 1-64 of SEQ ID NO: 69; amino acids 35-40,amino acids 35-48, amino acids 24-59 or amino acids 1-59 of SEQ ID NO:70; amino acids 39-44, amino acids 39-52, amino acids 26-60 or aminoacids 1-60 of SEQ ID NO: 71; amino acids 48-53, amino acids 48-61, aminoacids 35-70 or amino acids 1-70 of SEQ ID NO: 72.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a PAR peptide binding domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 42-47, amino acids 42-55, aminoacids 29-64 or amino acids 1-64 of SEQ ID NO: 69; amino acids 35-40,amino acids 35-48, amino acids 24-59 or amino acids 1-59 of SEQ ID NO:70; amino acids 39-44, amino acids 39-52, amino acids 26-60 or aminoacids 1-60 of SEQ ID NO: 71; amino acids 48-53, amino acids 48-61, aminoacids 35-70 or amino acids 1-70 of SEQ ID NO: 72; or at most 70%, atmost 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most97% to amino acids 42-47, amino acids 42-55, amino acids 29-64 or aminoacids 1-64 of SEQ ID NO: 69; amino acids 35-40, amino acids 35-48, aminoacids 24-59 or amino acids 1-59 of SEQ ID NO: 70; amino acids 39-44,amino acids 39-52, amino acids 26-60 or amino acids 1-60 of SEQ ID NO:71; amino acids 48-53, amino acids 48-61, amino acids 35-70 or aminoacids 1-70 of SEQ ID NO: 72.

In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a PAR peptide binding domaincomprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 42-47, amino acids 42-55, amino acids 29-64 oramino acids 1-64 of SEQ ID NO: 69; amino acids 35-40, amino acids 35-48,amino acids 24-59 or amino acids 1-59 of SEQ ID NO: 70; amino acids39-44, amino acids 39-52, amino acids 26-60 or amino acids 1-60 of SEQID NO: 71; amino acids 48-53, amino acids 48-61, amino acids 35-70 oramino acids 1-70 of SEQ ID NO: 72; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 42-47, amino acids 42-55, amino acids 29-64 oramino acids 1-64 of SEQ ID NO: 69; amino acids 35-40, amino acids 35-48,amino acids 24-59 or amino acids 1-59 of SEQ ID NO: 70; amino acids39-44, amino acids 39-52, amino acids 26-60 or amino acids 1-60 of SEQID NO: 71; amino acids 48-53, amino acids 48-61, amino acids 35-70 oramino acids 1-70 of SEQ ID NO: 72. In still other aspects of thisembodiment, a PAR peptide binding domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 contiguous amino acid deletions,additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 42-47, aminoacids 42-55, amino acids 29-64 or amino acids 1-64 of SEQ ID NO: 69;amino acids 35-40, amino acids 35-48, amino acids 24-59 or amino acids1-59 of SEQ ID NO: 70; amino acids 39-44, amino acids 39-52, amino acids26-60 or amino acids 1-60 of SEQ ID NO: 71; amino acids 48-53, aminoacids 48-61, amino acids 35-70 or amino acids 1-70 of SEQ ID NO: 72; orat most 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions,and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 42-47, amino acids 42-55,amino acids 29-64 or amino acids 1-64 of SEQ ID NO: 69; amino acids35-40, amino acids 35-48, amino acids 24-59 or amino acids 1-59 of SEQID NO: 70; amino acids 39-44, amino acids 39-52, amino acids 26-60 oramino acids 1-60 of SEQ ID NO: 71; amino acids 48-53, amino acids 48-61,amino acids 35-70 or amino acids 1-70 of SEQ ID NO: 72.

Another example of a retargeted binding element disclosed in the presentspecification is a somatostatin peptide binding domain. Thus, in anembodiment, a retargeted binding element comprises a somatostatinpeptide binding domain. In aspects of this embodiment, a somatostatinpeptide binding domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 73. In other aspects of thisembodiment, a somatostatin peptide binding domain comprises amino acids99-116 of SEQ ID NO: 73.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a somatostatin peptide bindingdomain comprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g.,at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, atleast 95%, or at least 97% to SEQ ID NO: 73; or at most 70%, at most75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97%to SEQ ID NO: 73. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, asomatostatin peptide binding domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 non-contiguousamino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to SEQ IDNO: 73; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to SEQ ID NO: 73. In still other aspects of this embodiment, asomatostatin peptide binding domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 contiguous aminoacid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:73; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 contiguous aminoacid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:73.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a somatostatin peptide bindingdomain comprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g.,at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, atleast 95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 99-116 of SEQ ID NO: 73; or atmost 70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most95%, or at most 97% to amino acids 99-116 of SEQ ID NO: 73. In yet otheraspects of this embodiment, a somatostatin peptide binding domaincomprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, or 10 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 99-116 of SEQ ID NO: 73; or atmost 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids99-116 of SEQ ID NO: 73. In still other aspects of this embodiment, asomatostatin peptide binding domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids99-116 of SEQ ID NO: 73; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to amino acids 99-116 of SEQ ID NO: 73.

Another example of a retargeted binding element disclosed in the presentspecification is a neurotensin peptide binding domain. Non-limitingexamples of a neurotensin peptide binding domain include a neurotensinor a neuromedin N.

Thus, in an embodiment, a retargeted binding element comprises aneurotensin peptide binding domain. In aspects of this embodiment, aneurotensin peptide binding domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 73. In otheraspects of this embodiment, a neurotensin peptide binding domaincomprises SEQ ID NO: 74. In other aspects of this embodiment, aneurotensin peptide binding domain comprises amino acids 143-148 oramino acids 151-163 of SEQ ID NO: 74.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a neurotensin peptide bindingdomain comprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g.,at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, atleast 95%, or at least 97% to SEQ ID NO: 74; or at most 70%, at most75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97%to SEQ ID NO: 74. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a neurotensinpeptide binding domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 non-contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO: 74; orat most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 non-contiguous aminoacid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO:74. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a neurotensin peptidebinding domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 contiguous amino acid deletions,additions, and/or substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO: 74; or at most 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 contiguous amino acid deletions,additions, and/or substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO: 74.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a neurotensin peptide bindingdomain comprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g.,at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, atleast 95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 143-148 or amino acids 151-163of SEQ ID NO: 74; or at most 70%, at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%,at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97% to amino acids 143-148 or aminoacids 151-163 of SEQ ID NO: 74. In yet other aspects of this embodiment,a neurotensin peptide binding domain comprises a polypeptide having,e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 non-contiguous aminoacid deletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids143-148 or amino acids 151-163 of SEQ ID NO: 74; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions,and/or substitutions relative to amino acids 143-148 or amino acids151-163 of SEQ ID NO: 74. In still other aspects of this embodiment, aneurotensin peptide binding domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g.,at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids143-148 or amino acids 151-163 of SEQ ID NO: 74; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 143-148 or amino acids 151-163 ofSEQ ID NO: 74.

Another example of a retargeted binding element disclosed in the presentspecification is a Ly6/urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-relatedprotein (SLURP) peptide. Non-limiting examples of a SLURP peptidebinding domain include a SLURP-1 or a SLURP-2.

Thus, in an embodiment, a retargeted binding domain comprises a SLURPpeptide binding domain. In aspects of this embodiment, a SLURP peptidebinding domain comprises a SLURP-1 or a SLURP-2. In other aspects ofthis embodiment, a SLURP peptide binding domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 75or SEQ ID NO: 76. In other aspects of this embodiment, a SLURP peptidebinding domain comprises amino acids 23-101 of SEQ ID NO: 75 or aminoacids 23-95 of SEQ ID NO: 76.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a SLURP peptide binding domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to SEQ ID NO: 75 or SEQ ID NO: 76; or at most 70%,at most 75%, at most 80%, at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or atmost 97% to SEQ ID NO: 75 or SEQ ID NO: 76. In yet other aspects of thisembodiment, a SLURP peptide binding domain comprises a polypeptidehaving, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/or substitutionsrelative to SEQ ID NO: 75 or SEQ ID NO: 76; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions,and/or substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO: 75 or SEQ ID NO: 76. Instill other aspects of this embodiment, a SLURP peptide binding domaincomprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 15 or 20 contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to SEQ ID NO: 75 or SEQ ID NO: 76; or at most 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 contiguous amino acid deletions,additions, and/or substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO: 75 or SEQ ID NO:76.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a SLURP peptide binding domaincomprises a polypeptide having an amino acid identity of, e.g., at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 97% to amino acids 23-101 of SEQ ID NO: 75 or aminoacids 23-95 of SEQ ID NO: 76; or at most 70%, at most 75%, at most 80%,at most 85%, at most 90%, at most 95%, or at most 97% to amino acids23-101 of SEQ ID NO: 75 or amino acids 23-95 of SEQ ID NO: 76. In yetother aspects of this embodiment, a SLURP peptide binding domaincomprises a polypeptide having, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 15 or 20 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 23-101 of SEQ ID NO: 75 or aminoacids 23-95 of SEQ ID NO: 76; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,15 or 20 non-contiguous amino acid deletions, additions, and/orsubstitutions relative to amino acids 23-101 of SEQ ID NO: 75 or aminoacids 23-95 of SEQ ID NO: 76. In still other aspects of this embodiment,a SLURP peptide binding domain comprises a polypeptide having, e.g., atleast 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids23-101 of SEQ ID NO: 75 or amino acids 23-95 of SEQ ID NO: 76; or atmost 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 or 20 contiguous amino aciddeletions, additions, and/or substitutions relative to amino acids23-101 of SEQ ID NO: 75 or amino acids 23-95 of SEQ ID NO: 76.

Clostridial toxins are each translated as a single-chain polypeptide ofapproximately 150 kDa that is subsequently cleaved by proteolyticscission within a disulfide loop by a naturally-occurring protease. Thiscleavage occurs within the discrete di-chain loop region created betweentwo cysteine residues that form a disulfide bridge. Thisposttranslational processing yields a di-chain molecule comprising anapproximately 50 kDa light chain (LC) and an approximately 100 kDa heavychain (HC) held together by the single disulfide bond and non-covalentinteractions between the two chains (FIG. 2). To facilitate recombinantproduction of a TVEMP, an exogenous protease cleavage site can be usedto convert the single-chain polypeptide form of a TVEMP disclosed in thepresent specification into the di-chain form. See, e.g., Steward, L. E.et al., Modified Clostridial Toxins with Enhanced Targeting CapabilitiesFor Endogenous Clostridial Toxin Receptor Systems, U.S. PatentPublication No. US 2008/0096248 (Apr. 24, 2008); Steward, L. E. et al.,Activatable Clostridial Toxins, U.S. Patent Publication No. US2008/0032930 (Feb. 7, 2008); Steward, supra, (2007); Dolly, supra,(2007); Foster, supra, WO 2006/059093 (2006); and Foster, supra, WO2006/059105 (2006), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference inits entirety.

It is envisioned that any and all protease cleavage sites can be used toconvert the single-chain polypeptide form of a Clostridial toxin intothe di-chain form, including, without limitation, endogenous di-chainloop protease cleavage sites and exogenous protease cleavage sites.Thus, in an aspect of the invention, a TVEMP comprises, in part, anendogenous protease cleavage site within a di-chain loop region. Inanother aspect of the invention, a TVEMP comprises, in part, anexogenous protease cleavage site within a di-chain loop region. As usedherein, the term “di-chain loop region” refers to the amino acidsequence of a Clostridial toxin containing a protease cleavage site usedto convert the single-chain form of a Clostridial toxin into thedi-chain form. Non-limiting examples of a Clostridial toxin di-chainloop region, include, a di-chain loop region of BoNT/A comprising aminoacids 430-454 of SEQ ID NO: 1; a di-chain loop region of BoNT/Bcomprising amino acids 437-446 of SEQ ID NO: 2; a di-chain loop regionof BoNT/C1 comprising amino acids 437-453 of SEQ ID NO: 3; a di-chainloop region of BoNT/D comprising amino acids 437-450 of SEQ ID NO: 4; adi-chain loop region of BoNT/E comprising amino acids 412-426 of SEQ IDNO: 5; a di-chain loop region of BoNT/F comprising amino acids 429-445of SEQ ID NO: 6; a di-chain loop region of BoNT/G comprising amino acids436-450 of SEQ ID NO: 7; and a di-chain loop region of TeNT comprisingamino acids 439-467 of SEQ ID NO: 8 (Table 4).

TABLE 4 Di-chain Loop Region Di-chain Loop Region Containing the Naturally-occurring Protease  Toxin Cleavage Site BoNT/ACVRGIITSKTKSLDKGYNK*----ALNDLC BoNT/B CKSVK*-------------------APGICBoNT/C1 CHKAIDGRSLYNK*------------TLDC BoNT/DCLRLTKNSR*---------------DDSTC BoNT/E CKNIVSVKGIR*--------------KSICBoNT/F CKSVIPRKGTK*------------APPRLC BoNT/GCKPVMYKNTGK*--------------SEQC TeNT CKKIIPPTNIRENLYNRTA*SLTDLGGELC BaNTCKS-IVSKKGTK*------------NSLC BuNT CKN-IVSVKGIR*--------------KSIC Theamino acid sequence displayed are as follows: BoNT/A, residues 430-454of SEQ ID NO: 1; BoNT/B, residues 437-446 of SEQ ID NO: 2; BoNT/C1,residues 437-453 of SEQ ID NO: 3; BoNT/D, residues 437-450 of SEQ ID NO:4; BoNT/E, residues 412-426 of SEQ ID NO: 5; BoNT/F, residues 429-445 ofSEQ ID NO: 6; BoNT/G, residues 436-450 of SEQ ID NO: 7; TeNT, residues439-467 of SEQ ID NO: 8; BaNT, residues 421-435 of SEQ ID NO: 9; andBuNT, residues 412-426 of SEQ ID NO: 10. An asterisks (*) indicates thepeptide bond that is cleaved by a Clostridial toxin protease.

As used herein, the term “endogenous di-chain loop protease cleavagesite” is synonymous with a “naturally occurring di-chain loop proteasecleavage site” and refers to a naturally occurring protease cleavagesite found within the di-chain loop region of a naturally occurringClostridial toxin and includes, without limitation, naturally occurringClostridial toxin di-chain loop protease cleavage site variants, suchas, e.g., Clostridial toxin di-chain loop protease cleavage siteisoforms and Clostridial toxin di-chain loop protease cleavage sitesubtypes. Non-limiting examples of an endogenous protease cleavage site,include, e.g., a BoNT/A di-chain loop protease cleavage site, a BoNT/Bdi-chain loop protease cleavage site, a BoNT/C1 di-chain loop proteasecleavage site, a BoNT/D di-chain loop protease cleavage site, a BoNT/Edi-chain loop protease cleavage site, a BoNT/F di-chain loop proteasecleavage site, a BoNT/G di-chain loop protease cleavage site and a TeNTdi-chain loop protease cleavage site.

As mentioned above, Clostridial toxins are translated as a single-chainpolypeptide of approximately 150 kDa that is subsequently cleaved byproteolytic scission within a disulfide loop by a naturally-occurringprotease. This posttranslational processing yields a di-chain moleculecomprising an approximately 50 kDa light chain (LC) and an approximately100 kDa heavy chain (HC) held together by a single disulphide bond andnoncovalent interactions. While the identity of the protease iscurrently unknown, the di-chain loop protease cleavage site for manyClostridial toxins has been determined. In BoNTs, cleavage at K448-A449converts the single polypeptide form of BoNT/A into the di-chain form;cleavage at K441-A442 converts the single polypeptide form of BoNT/Binto the di-chain form; cleavage at K449-T450 converts the singlepolypeptide form of BoNT/C1 into the di-chain form; cleavage atR445-D446 converts the single polypeptide form of BoNT/D into thedi-chain form; cleavage at R422-K423 converts the single polypeptideform of BoNT/E into the di-chain form; cleavage at K439-A440 convertsthe single polypeptide form of BoNT/F into the di-chain form; andcleavage at K446-S447 converts the single polypeptide form of BoNT/Ginto the di-chain form. Proteolytic cleavage of the single polypeptideform of TeNT at A457-S458 results in the di-chain form. Proteolyticcleavage of the single polypeptide form of BaNT at K431-N432 results inthe di-chain form. Proteolytic cleavage of the single polypeptide formof BuNT at R422-K423 results in the di-chain form. Such a di-chain loopprotease cleavage site is operably-linked in-frame to a TVEMP as afusion protein. However, it should also be noted that additionalcleavage sites within the di-chain loop also appear to be cleavedresulting in the generation of a small peptide fragment being lost. As anon-limiting example, BoNT/A single-chain polypeptide cleavageultimately results in the loss of a ten amino acid fragment within thedi-chain loop.

Thus, in an embodiment, a protease cleavage site comprising anendogenous Clostridial toxin di-chain loop protease cleavage site isused to convert the single-chain toxin into the di-chain form. Inaspects of this embodiment, conversion into the di-chain form byproteolytic cleavage occurs from a site comprising, e.g., a BoNT/Adi-chain loop protease cleavage site, a BoNT/B di-chain loop proteasecleavage site, a BoNT/C1 di-chain loop protease cleavage site, a BoNT/Ddi-chain loop protease cleavage site, a BoNT/E di-chain loop proteasecleavage site, a BoNT/F di-chain loop protease cleavage site, a BoNT/Gdi-chain loop protease cleavage site, a TeNT di-chain loop proteasecleavage site, a BaNT di-chain loop protease cleavage site, or a BuNTdi-chain loop protease cleavage site.

In other aspects of this embodiment, conversion into the di-chain formby proteolytic cleavage occurs from a site comprising, e.g., a di-chainloop region of BoNT/A comprising amino acids 430-454 of SEQ ID NO: 1; adi-chain loop region of BoNT/B comprising amino acids 437-446 of SEQ IDNO: 2; a di-chain loop region of BoNT/C1 comprising amino acids 437-453of SEQ ID NO: 3; a di-chain loop region of BoNT/D comprising amino acids437-450 of SEQ ID NO: 4; a di-chain loop region of BoNT/E comprisingamino acids 412-426 of SEQ ID NO: 5; a di-chain loop region of BoNT/Fcomprising amino acids 429-445 of SEQ ID NO: 6; a di-chain loop regionof BoNT/G comprising amino acids 436-450 of SEQ ID NO: 7; or a di-chainloop region of TeNT comprising amino acids 439-467 of SEQ ID NO: 8; adi-chain loop region of BaNT comprising amino acids 421-435 of SEQ IDNO: 9; or a di-chain loop region of BuNT comprising amino acids 412-426of SEQ ID NO: 10.

It is also envisioned that an exogenous protease cleavage site can beused to convert the single-chain polypeptide form of a TVEMP disclosedin the present specification into the di-chain form. As used herein, theterm “exogenous protease cleavage site” is synonymous with a“non-naturally occurring protease cleavage site” or “non-native proteasecleavage site” and refers to a protease cleavage site that is notnormally present in a di-chain loop region from a naturally occurringClostridial toxin, with the proviso that the exogenous protease cleavagesite is not a human protease cleavage site or a protease cleavage sitethat is susceptible to a protease being expressed in the host cell thatis expressing a construct encoding an activatable polypeptide disclosedin the present specification. It is envisioned that any and allexogenous protease cleavage sites can be used to convert thesingle-chain polypeptide form of a Clostridial toxin into the di-chainform are useful to practice aspects of the present invention.Non-limiting examples of exogenous protease cleavage sites include,e.g., a plant papain cleavage site, an insect papain cleavage site, acrustacian papain cleavage site, an enterokinase cleavage site, a humanrhinovirus 3C protease cleavage site, a human enterovirus 3C proteasecleavage site, a tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site, aTobacco Vein Mottling Virus (TVMV) cleavage site, a subtilisin cleavagesite, a hydroxylamine cleavage site, or a Caspase 3 cleavage site.

It is envisioned that an exogenous protease cleavage site of any and alllengths can be useful in aspects of the present invention with theproviso that the exogenous protease cleavage site is capable of beingcleaved by its respective protease. Thus, in aspects of this embodiment,an exogenous protease cleavage site can have a length of, e.g., at least6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, or at least 60 amino acids; orat most 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, or at least 60 aminoacids.

In an embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site is located withinthe di-chain loop of a TVEMP. In aspects of this embodiment, a TVEMPcomprises an exogenous protease cleavage site comprises, e.g., a plantpapain cleavage site, an insect papain cleavage site, a crustacianpapain cleavage site, a non-human enterokinase protease cleavage site, aTobacco Etch Virus protease cleavage site, a Tobacco Vein Mottling Virusprotease cleavage site, a human rhinovirus 3C protease cleavage site, ahuman enterovirus 3C protease cleavage site, a subtilisin cleavage site,a hydroxylamine cleavage site, a SUMO/ULP-1 protease cleavage site, anda non-human Caspase 3 cleavage site. In other aspects of thisembodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site is located within thedi-chain loop of, e.g., a modified BoNT/A, a modified BoNT/B, a modifiedBoNT/C1, a modified BoNT/D, a modified BoNT/E, a modified BoNT/F, amodified BoNT/G, a modified TeNT, a modified BaNT, or a modified BuNT.

In an aspect of this embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site cancomprise, e.g., a non-human enterokinase cleavage site is located withinthe di-chain loop of a TVEMP. In other aspects of the embodiment, anexogenous protease cleavage site can comprise, e.g., a bovineenterokinase protease cleavage site located within the di-chain loop ofa TVEMP. In other aspects of the embodiment, an exogenous proteasecleavage site can comprise, e.g., a bovine enterokinase proteasecleavage site located within the di-chain loop of a TVEMP comprises SEQID NO: 21. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a bovineenterokinase protease cleavage site is located within the di-chain loopof, e.g., a modified BoNT/A, a modified BoNT/B, a modified BoNT/C1, amodified BoNT/D, a modified BoNT/E, a modified BoNT/F, a modifiedBoNT/G, a modified TeNT, a modified BaNT, or a modified BuNT.

In another aspect of this embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavagesite can comprise, e.g., a Tobacco Etch Virus protease cleavage site islocated within the di-chain loop of a TVEMP. In other aspects of theembodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site can comprise, e.g., aTobacco Etch Virus protease cleavage site located within the di-chainloop of a TVEMP comprises the consensus sequence E-P5-P4-Y-P2-Q*-G (SEQID NO: 22) or E-P5-P4-Y-P2-Q*-S (SEQ ID NO: 23), where P2, P4 and P5 canbe any amino acid. In other aspects of the embodiment, an exogenousprotease cleavage site can comprise, e.g., a Tobacco Etch Virus proteasecleavage site located within the di-chain loop of a TVEMP comprises SEQID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28,SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32 or SEQ ID NO:33. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a Tobacco Etch Virusprotease cleavage site is located within the di-chain loop of, e.g., amodified BoNT/A, a modified BoNT/B, a modified BoNT/C1, a modifiedBoNT/D, a modified BoNT/E, a modified BoNT/F, a modified BoNT/G, amodified TeNT, a modified BaNT, or a modified BuNT.

In another aspect of this embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavagesite can comprise, e.g., a Tobacco Vein Mottling Virus protease cleavagesite is located within the di-chain loop of a TVEMP. In other aspects ofthe embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site can comprise, e.g.,a Tobacco Vein Mottling Virus protease cleavage site located within thedi-chain loop of a TVEMP comprises the consensus sequenceP6-P5-V-R-F-Q*-G (SEQ ID NO: 34) or P6-P5-V-R-F-Q*-S (SEQ ID NO: 35),where P5 and P6 can be any amino acid. In other aspects of theembodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site can comprise, e.g., aTobacco Vein Mottling Virus protease cleavage site located within thedi-chain loop of a TVEMP comprises SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ IDNO: 38, or SEQ ID NO: 39. In still other aspects of this embodiment, aTobacco Vein Mottling Virus protease cleavage site is located within thedi-chain loop of, e.g., a modified BoNT/A, a modified BoNT/B, a modifiedBoNT/C1, a modified BoNT/D, a modified BoNT/E, a modified BoNT/F, amodified BoNT/G, a modified TeNT, a modified BaNT, or a modified BuNT.

In still another aspect of this embodiment, an exogenous proteasecleavage site can comprise, e.g., a human rhinovirus 3C proteasecleavage site is located within the di-chain loop of a TVEMP. In otheraspects of the embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site cancomprise, e.g., a human rhinovirus 3C protease cleavage site locatedwithin the di-chain loop of a TVEMP comprises the consensus sequenceP5-P4-L-F-Q*-G-P (SEQ ID NO: 40), where P4 is G, A, V, L, I, M, S or Tand P5 can any amino acid, with D or E preferred. In other aspects ofthe embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site can comprise, e.g.,a human rhinovirus 3C protease cleavage site located within the di-chainloop of a TVEMP comprises SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43,SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45 or SEQ ID NO: 46. In other aspects of theembodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site can comprise, e.g., ahuman rhinovirus 3C protease located within the di-chain loop of a TVEMPthat can be cleaved by PRESCISSION®, a modified human rhinovirus 3Cprotease (GE Healthcare Biosciences, Piscataway, N.J.). In still otheraspects of this embodiment, a human rhinovirus 3C protease cleavage siteis located within the di-chain loop of, e.g., a modified BoNT/A, amodified BoNT/B, a modified BoNT/C1, a modified BoNT/D, a modifiedBoNT/E, a modified BoNT/F, a modified BoNT/G, a modified TeNT, amodified BaNT, or a modified BuNT.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavagesite can comprise, e.g., a subtilisin cleavage site is located withinthe di-chain loop of a TVEMP. In other aspects of the embodiment, anexogenous protease cleavage site can comprise, e.g., a subtilisincleavage site located within the di-chain loop of a TVEMP comprises theconsensus sequence P6-P5-P4-P3-H*-Y (SEQ ID NO: 47) or P6-P5-P4-P3-Y-H*(SEQ ID NO: 48), where P3, P4 and P5 and P6 can be any amino acid. Inother aspects of the embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site cancomprise, e.g., a subtilisin cleavage site located within the di-chainloop of a TVEMP comprises SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, or SEQ ID NO:51. In other aspects of the embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavagesite can comprise, e.g., a subtilisin cleavage site located within thedi-chain loop of a TVEMP that can be cleaved by GENENASE®, a modifiedsubtilisin (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Mass.). In still other aspectsof this embodiment, a subtilisin cleavage site is located within thedi-chain loop of, e.g., a modified BoNT/A, a modified BoNT/B, a modifiedBoNT/C1, a modified BoNT/D, a modified BoNT/E, a modified BoNT/F, amodified BoNT/G, a modified TeNT, a modified BaNT, or a modified BuNT.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavagesite can comprise, e.g., a hydroxylamine cleavage site is located withinthe di-chain loop of a TVEMP. In other aspects of the embodiment, anexogenous protease cleavage site can comprise, e.g., a hydroxylaminecleavage site comprising multiples of the dipeptide N*G. In otheraspects of the embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site cancomprise, e.g., a hydroxylamine cleavage site located within thedi-chain loop of a TVEMP comprises SEQ ID NO: 52, or SEQ ID NO: 53. Instill other aspects of this embodiment, a hydroxylamine cleavage site islocated within the di-chain loop of, e.g., a modified BoNT/A, a modifiedBoNT/B, a modified BoNT/C1, a modified BoNT/D, a modified BoNT/E, amodified BoNT/F, a modified BoNT/G, a modified TeNT, a modified BaNT, ora modified BuNT.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavagesite can comprise, e.g., a SUMO/ULP-1 protease cleavage site is locatedwithin the di-chain loop of a TVEMP. In other aspects of the embodiment,an exogenous protease cleavage site can comprise, e.g., a SUMO/ULP-1protease cleavage site located within the di-chain loop of a TVEMPcomprising the consensus sequence G-G*-P1′-P2′-P3′ (SEQ ID NO: 54),where P1′, P2′, and P3′ can be any amino acid. In other aspects of theembodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site can comprise, e.g., aSUMO/ULP-1 protease cleavage site located within the di-chain loop of aTVEMP comprises SEQ ID NO: 55. In still other aspects of thisembodiment, a SUMO/ULP-1 protease cleavage site is located within thedi-chain loop of, e.g., a modified BoNT/A, a modified BoNT/B, a modifiedBoNT/C1, a modified BoNT/D, a modified BoNT/E, a modified BoNT/F, amodified BoNT/G, a modified TeNT, a modified BaNT, or a modified BuNT.

In an aspect of this embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site cancomprise, e.g., a non-human Caspase 3 cleavage site is located withinthe di-chain loop of a TVEMP. In other aspects of the embodiment, anexogenous protease cleavage site can comprise, e.g., a mouse Caspase 3protease cleavage site located within the di-chain loop of a TVEMP. Inother aspects of the embodiment, an exogenous protease cleavage site cancomprise, e.g., a non-human Caspase 3 protease cleavage site locatedwithin the di-chain loop of a TVEMP comprises the consensus sequenceD-P3-P2-D*P1′ (SEQ ID NO: 56), where P3 can be any amino acid, with Epreferred, P2 can be any amino acid and P1′ can any amino acid, with Gor S preferred. In other aspects of the embodiment, an exogenousprotease cleavage site can comprise, e.g., a non-human Caspase 3protease cleavage site located within the di-chain loop of a TVEMPcomprising SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60,SEQ ID NO: 61, or SEQ ID NO: 62. In still other aspects of thisembodiment, a bovine enterokinase protease cleavage site is locatedwithin the di-chain loop of, e.g., a modified BoNT/A, a modified BoNT/B,a modified BoNT/C1, a modified BoNT/D, a modified BoNT/E, a modifiedBoNT/F, a modified BoNT/G, a modified TeNT, a modified BaNT, or amodified BuNT.

A di-chain loop region is modified to replace a naturally-occurringdi-chain loop protease cleavage site for an exogenous protease cleavagesite. In this modification, the naturally-occurring di-chain loopprotease cleavage site is made inoperable and thus can not be cleaved byits protease. Only the exogenous protease cleavage site can be cleavedby its corresponding exogenous protease. In this type of modification,the exogenous protease site is operably-linked in-frame to a TVEMP as afusion protein and the site can be cleaved by its respective exogenousprotease. Replacement of an endogenous di-chain loop protease cleavagesite with an exogenous protease cleavage site can be a substitution ofthe sites where the exogenous site is engineered at the positionapproximating the cleavage site location of the endogenous site.Replacement of an endogenous di-chain loop protease cleavage site withan exogenous protease cleavage site can be an addition of an exogenoussite where the exogenous site is engineered at the position differentfrom the cleavage site location of the endogenous site, the endogenoussite being engineered to be inoperable. The location and kind ofprotease cleavage site may be critical because certain binding domainsrequire a free amino-terminal or carboxyl-terminal amino acid. Forexample, when a retargeted peptide binding domain is placed between twoother domains, e.g., see FIG. 4, a criterion for selection of a proteasecleavage site could be whether the protease that cleaves its site leavesa flush cut, exposing the free amino-terminal or carboxyl-terminal ofthe binding domain necessary for selective binding of the binding domainto its receptor.

A naturally-occurring protease cleavage site can be made inoperable byaltering at least the two amino acids flanking the peptide bond cleavedby the naturally-occurring di-chain loop protease. More extensivealterations can be made, with the proviso that the two cysteine residuesof the di-chain loop region remain intact and the region can still formthe disulfide bridge. Non-limiting examples of an amino acid alterationinclude deletion of an amino acid or replacement of the original aminoacid with a different amino acid. Thus, in one embodiment, anaturally-occurring protease cleavage site is made inoperable byaltering the two amino acids flanking the peptide bond cleaved by anaturally-occurring protease. In other aspects of this embodiment, anaturally-occurring protease cleavage site is made inoperable byaltering, e.g., at least three amino acids including the two amino acidsflanking the peptide bond cleaved by a naturally-occurring protease; atleast four amino acids including the two amino acids flanking thepeptide bond cleaved by a naturally-occurring protease; at least fiveamino acids including the two amino acids flanking the peptide bondcleaved by a naturally-occurring protease; at least six amino acidsincluding the two amino acids flanking the peptide bond cleaved by anaturally-occurring protease; at least seven amino acids including thetwo amino acids flanking the peptide bond cleaved by anaturally-occurring protease; at least eight amino acids including thetwo amino acids flanking the peptide bond cleaved by anaturally-occurring protease; at least nine amino acids including thetwo amino acids flanking the peptide bond cleaved by anaturally-occurring protease; at least ten amino acids including the twoamino acids flanking the peptide bond cleaved by a naturally-occurringprotease; at least 15 amino acids including the two amino acids flankingthe peptide bond cleaved by a naturally-occurring protease; or at least20 amino acids including the two amino acids flanking the peptide bondcleaved by a naturally-occurring protease.

In still other aspects of this embodiment, a naturally-occurringdi-chain protease cleavage site is made inoperable by altering, e.g., atmost three amino acids including the two amino acids flanking thepeptide bond cleaved by a naturally-occurring protease; at most fouramino acids including the two amino acids flanking the peptide bondcleaved by a naturally-occurring protease; at most five amino acidsincluding the two amino acids flanking the peptide bond cleaved by anaturally-occurring protease; at most six amino acids including the twoamino acids flanking the peptide bond cleaved by a naturally-occurringprotease; at most seven amino acids including the two amino acidsflanking the peptide bond cleaved by a naturally-occurring protease; atmost eight amino acids including the two amino acids flanking thepeptide bond cleaved by a naturally-occurring protease; at most nineamino acids including the two amino acids flanking the peptide bondcleaved by a naturally-occurring protease; at most ten amino acidsincluding the two amino acids flanking the peptide bond cleaved by anaturally-occurring protease; at most 15 amino acids including the twoamino acids flanking the peptide bond cleaved by a naturally-occurringprotease; or at most 20 amino acids including the two amino acidsflanking the peptide bond cleaved by a naturally-occurring protease.

It is understood that a TVEMP disclosed in the present specification canoptionally further comprise a flexible region comprising a flexiblespacer. A flexible region comprising flexible spacers can be used toadjust the length of a polypeptide region in order to optimize acharacteristic, attribute or property of a polypeptide. As anon-limiting example, a polypeptide region comprising one or moreflexible spacers in tandem can be use to better expose a proteasecleavage site thereby facilitating cleavage of that site by a protease.As another non-limiting example, a polypeptide region comprising one ormore flexible spacers in tandem can be use to better present aretargeted peptide binding domain, thereby facilitating the binding ofthat binding domain to its receptor.

A flexible space comprising a peptide is at least one amino acid inlength and comprises non-charged amino acids with small side-chain Rgroups, such as, e.g., glycine, alanine, valine, leucine or serine.Thus, in an embodiment a flexible spacer can have a length of, e.g., atleast 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acids; or at most 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acids. In still another embodiment, aflexible spacer can be, e.g., between 1-3 amino acids, between 2-4 aminoacids, between 3-5 amino acids, between 4-6 amino acids, or between 5-7amino acids. Non-limiting examples of a flexible spacer include, e.g., aG-spacers such as GGG, GGGG (SEQ ID NO: 63), and GGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 64)or an A-spacers such as AAA, AAAA (SEQ ID NO: 65) and AAAAV (SEQ ID NO:66). Such a flexible region is operably-linked in-frame to the TVEMP asa fusion protein.

Thus, in an embodiment, a TVEMP disclosed in the present specificationcan further comprise a flexible region comprising a flexible spacer. Inanother embodiment, a TVEMP disclosed in the present specification canfurther comprise flexible region comprising a plurality of flexiblespacers in tandem. In aspects of this embodiment, a flexible region cancomprise in tandem, e.g., at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 G-spacers; or atmost 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 G-spacers. In still other aspects of thisembodiment, a flexible region can comprise in tandem, e.g., at least 1,2, 3, 4, or 5 A-spacers; or at most 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 A-spacers. Inanother aspect of this embodiment, a TVEMP can comprise a flexibleregion comprising one or more copies of the same flexible spacers, oneor more copies of different flexible-spacer regions, or any combinationthereof.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a TVEMP comprising a flexiblespacer can be, e.g., a modified BoNT/A, a modified BoNT/B, a modifiedBoNT/C1, a modified BoNT/D, a modified BoNT/E, a modified BoNT/F, amodified BoNT/G, a modified TeNT, a modified BaNT, or a modified BuNT.

It is envisioned that a TVEMP disclosed in the present specification cancomprise a flexible spacer in any and all locations with the provisothat TVEMP is capable of performing the intoxication process. In aspectsof this embodiment, a flexible spacer is positioned between, e.g., anenzymatic domain and a translocation domain, an enzymatic domain and aretargeted peptide binding domain, an enzymatic domain and an exogenousprotease cleavage site. In other aspects of this embodiment, a G-spaceris positioned between, e.g., an enzymatic domain and a translocationdomain, an enzymatic domain and a retargeted peptide binding domain, anenzymatic domain and an exogenous protease cleavage site. In otheraspects of this embodiment, an A-spacer is positioned between, e.g., anenzymatic domain and a translocation domain, an enzymatic domain and aretargeted peptide binding domain, an enzymatic domain and an exogenousprotease cleavage site.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a flexible spacer is positionedbetween, e.g., a retargeted peptide binding domain and a translocationdomain, a retargeted peptide binding domain and an enzymatic domain, aretargeted peptide binding domain and an exogenous protease cleavagesite. In other aspects of this embodiment, a G-spacer is positionedbetween, e.g., a retargeted peptide binding domain and a translocationdomain, a retargeted peptide binding domain and an enzymatic domain, aretargeted peptide binding domain and an exogenous protease cleavagesite. In other aspects of this embodiment, an A-spacer is positionedbetween, e.g., a retargeted peptide binding domain and a translocationdomain, a retargeted peptide binding domain and an enzymatic domain, aretargeted peptide binding domain and an exogenous protease cleavagesite.

In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a flexible spacer is positionedbetween, e.g., a translocation domain and an enzymatic domain, atranslocation domain and a retargeted peptide binding domain, atranslocation domain and an exogenous protease cleavage site. In otheraspects of this embodiment, a G-spacer is positioned between, e.g., atranslocation domain and an enzymatic domain, a translocation domain anda retargeted peptide binding domain, a translocation domain and anexogenous protease cleavage site. In other aspects of this embodiment,an A-spacer is positioned between, e.g., a translocation domain and anenzymatic domain, a translocation domain and a retargeted peptidebinding domain, a translocation domain and an exogenous proteasecleavage site.

It is envisioned that a TVEMP disclosed in the present specification cancomprise a retargeted peptide binding domain in any and all locationswith the proviso that TVEMP is capable of performing the intoxicationprocess. Non-limiting examples include, locating a retargeted peptidebinding domain at the amino terminus of a TVEMP; locating a retargetedpeptide binding domain between a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain anda translocation domain of a TVEMP; and locating a retargeted peptidebinding domain at the carboxyl terminus of a TVEMP. Other non-limitingexamples include, locating a retargeted peptide binding domain between aClostridial toxin enzymatic domain and a Clostridial toxin translocationdomain of a TVEMP. The enzymatic domain of naturally-occurringClostridial toxins contains the native start methionine. Thus, in domainorganizations where the enzymatic domain is not in the amino-terminallocation an amino acid sequence comprising the start methionine shouldbe placed in front of the amino-terminal domain. Likewise, where aretargeted peptide binding domain is in the amino-terminal position, anamino acid sequence comprising a start methionine and a proteasecleavage site may be operably-linked in situations in which a retargetedpeptide binding domain requires a free amino terminus, see, e.g.,Shengwen Li et al., Degradable Clostridial Toxins, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/572,512 (Jan. 23, 2007), which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety. In addition, it is known inthe art that when adding a polypeptide that is operably-linked to theamino terminus of another polypeptide comprising the start methioninethat the original methionine residue can be deleted.

Thus, in an embodiment, a TVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxyl singlepolypeptide linear order comprising a retargeted peptide binding domain,a translocation domain, an exogenous protease cleavage site and anenzymatic domain (FIG. 3A). In an aspect of this embodiment, a TVEMP cancomprise an amino to carboxyl single polypeptide linear order comprisinga retargeted peptide binding domain, a Clostridial toxin translocationdomain, an exogenous protease cleavage site and a Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain.

In another embodiment, a TVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxyl singlepolypeptide linear order comprising a retargeted peptide binding domain,an enzymatic domain, an exogenous protease cleavage site, and atranslocation domain (FIG. 3B). In an aspect of this embodiment, a TVEMPcan comprise an amino to carboxyl single polypeptide linear ordercomprising a retargeted peptide binding domain, a Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain, an exogenous protease cleavage site, a Clostridialtoxin translocation domain.

In yet another embodiment, a TVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxylsingle polypeptide linear order comprising an enzymatic domain, anexogenous protease cleavage site, a retargeted peptide binding domain,and a translocation domain (FIG. 4A). In an aspect of this embodiment, aTVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxyl single polypeptide linear ordercomprising a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, an exogenous proteasecleavage site, a retargeted peptide binding domain, and a Clostridialtoxin translocation domain.

In yet another embodiment, a TVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxylsingle polypeptide linear order comprising a translocation domain, anexogenous protease cleavage site, a retargeted peptide binding domain,and an enzymatic domain (FIG. 4B). In an aspect of this embodiment, aTVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxyl single polypeptide linear ordercomprising a Clostridial toxin translocation domain, a retargetedpeptide binding domain, an exogenous protease cleavage site and aClostridial toxin enzymatic domain.

In another embodiment, a TVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxyl singlepolypeptide linear order comprising an enzymatic domain, a retargetedpeptide binding domain, an exogenous protease cleavage site, and atranslocation domain (FIG. 4C). In an aspect of this embodiment, a TVEMPcan comprise an amino to carboxyl single polypeptide linear ordercomprising a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, a retargeted peptidebinding domain, an exogenous protease cleavage site, a Clostridial toxintranslocation domain.

In yet another embodiment, a TVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxylsingle polypeptide linear order comprising a translocation domain, aretargeted peptide binding domain, an exogenous protease cleavage siteand an enzymatic domain (FIG. 4D). In an aspect of this embodiment, aTVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxyl single polypeptide linear ordercomprising a Clostridial toxin translocation domain, a retargetedpeptide binding domain, an exogenous protease cleavage site and aClostridial toxin enzymatic domain.

In still another embodiment, a TVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxylsingle polypeptide linear order comprising an enzymatic domain, anexogenous protease cleavage site, a translocation domain, and aretargeted peptide binding domain (FIG. 5A). In an aspect of thisembodiment, a TVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxyl single polypeptidelinear order comprising a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, anexogenous protease cleavage site, a Clostridial toxin translocationdomain, and a retargeted peptide binding domain.

In still another embodiment, a TVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxylsingle polypeptide linear order comprising a translocation domain, anexogenous protease cleavage site, an enzymatic domain and a retargetedpeptide binding domain, (FIG. 5B). In an aspect of this embodiment, aTVEMP can comprise an amino to carboxyl single polypeptide linear ordercomprising a Clostridial toxin translocation domain, a retargetedpeptide binding domain, an exogenous protease cleavage site and aClostridial toxin enzymatic domain.

A composition useful in the invention generally is administered as apharmaceutical acceptable composition comprising a TVEMP. As usedherein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to any molecularentity or composition that does not produce an adverse, allergic orother untoward or unwanted reaction when administered to an individual.As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable composition” issynonymous with “pharmaceutical composition” and refers to atherapeutically effective concentration of an active ingredient, suchas, e.g., any of the TVEMPs disclosed in the present specification. Apharmaceutical composition comprising a TVEMP is useful for medical andveterinary applications. A pharmaceutical composition may beadministered to a patient alone, or in combination with othersupplementary active ingredients, agents, drugs or hormones. Thepharmaceutical compositions may be manufactured using any of a varietyof processes, including, without limitation, conventional mixing,dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying,encapsulating, entrapping, and lyophilizing. The pharmaceuticalcomposition can take any of a variety of forms including, withoutlimitation, a sterile solution, suspension, emulsion, lyophilizate,tablet, pill, pellet, capsule, powder, syrup, elixir or any other dosageform suitable for administration.

Aspects of the present invention provide, in part, a compositioncomprising a TVEMP. It is envisioned that any of the compositiondisclosed in the present specification can be useful in a method oftreating urogenital-neurological disorder in a mammal in need thereof,with the proviso that the composition prevents or reduces a symptomassociated with the urogenital-neurological disorder. Non-limitingexamples of compositions comprising a TVEMP include a TVEMP comprising aretargeted peptide binding domain, a Clostridial toxin translocationdomain and a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain. It is envisioned thatany TVEMP disclosed in the present specification can be used, includingthose disclosed in, e.g., Steward, supra, (2007); Dolly, supra, (2007);Foster, supra, WO 2006/059093 (2006); Foster, supra, WO 2006/059105(Jun. 8, 2006). It is also understood that the two or more differentTVEMPs can be provided as separate compositions or as part of a singlecomposition.

It is also envisioned that a pharmaceutical composition comprising aTVEMP can optionally include a pharmaceutically acceptable carriers thatfacilitate processing of an active ingredient into pharmaceuticallyacceptable compositions. As used herein, the term “pharmacologicallyacceptable carrier” is synonymous with “pharmacological carrier” andrefers to any carrier that has substantially no long term or permanentdetrimental effect when administered and encompasses terms such as“pharmacologically acceptable vehicle, stabilizer, diluent, additive,auxiliary or excipient.” Such a carrier generally is mixed with anactive compound, or permitted to dilute or enclose the active compoundand can be a solid, semi-solid, or liquid agent. It is understood thatthe active ingredients can be soluble or can be delivered as asuspension in the desired carrier or diluent. Any of a variety ofpharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be used including, withoutlimitation, aqueous media such as, e.g., water, saline, glycine,hyaluronic acid and the like; solid carriers such as, e.g., mannitol,lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharin, talcum,cellulose, glucose, sucrose, magnesium carbonate, and the like;solvents; dispersion media; coatings; antibacterial and antifungalagents; isotonic and absorption delaying agents; or any other inactiveingredient. Selection of a pharmacologically acceptable carrier candepend on the mode of administration. Except insofar as anypharmacologically acceptable carrier is incompatible with the activeingredient, its use in pharmaceutically acceptable compositions iscontemplated. Non-limiting examples of specific uses of suchpharmaceutical carriers can be found in PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS ANDDRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS (Howard C. Ansel et al., eds., Lippincott Williams& Wilkins Publishers, 7^(th) ed. 1999); REMINGTON: THE SCIENCE ANDPRACTICE OF PHARMACY (Alfonso R. Gennaro ed., Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins, 20^(th) ed. 2000); GOODMAN & GILMAN'S THE PHARMACOLOGICAL BASISOF THERAPEUTICS (Joel G. Hardman et al., eds., McGraw-Hill Professional,10^(th) ed. 2001); and HANDBOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS (Raymond C.Rowe et al., APhA Publications, 4^(th) edition 2003). These protocolsare routine procedures and any modifications are well within the scopeof one skilled in the art and from the teaching herein.

It is further envisioned that a pharmaceutical composition disclosed inthe present specification can optionally include, without limitation,other pharmaceutically acceptable components (or pharmaceuticalcomponents), including, without limitation, buffers, preservatives,tonicity adjusters, salts, antioxidants, osmolality adjusting agents,physiological substances, pharmacological substances, bulking agents,emulsifying agents, wetting agents, sweetening or flavoring agents, andthe like. Various buffers and methods for adjusting pH can be used toprepare a pharmaceutical composition disclosed in the presentspecification, provided that the resulting preparation ispharmaceutically acceptable. Such buffers include, without limitation,acetate buffers, citrate buffers, phosphate buffers, neutral bufferedsaline, phosphate buffered saline and borate buffers. It is understoodthat acids or bases can be used to adjust the pH of a composition asneeded. Pharmaceutically acceptable antioxidants include, withoutlimitation, sodium metabisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, acetylcysteine,butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. Usefulpreservatives include, without limitation, benzalkonium chloride,chlorobutanol, thimerosal, phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuricnitrate, a stabilized oxy chloro composition, such as, e.g., PURITE® andchelants, such as, e.g., DTPA or DTPA-bisamide, calcium DTPA, andCaNaDTPA-bisamide. Tonicity adjustors useful in a pharmaceuticalcomposition include, without limitation, salts such as, e.g., sodiumchloride, potassium chloride, mannitol or glycerin and otherpharmaceutically acceptable tonicity adjustor. The pharmaceuticalcomposition may be provided as a salt and can be formed with many acids,including but not limited to, hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic, lactic,tartaric, malic, succinic, etc. Salts tend to be more soluble in aqueousor other protonic solvents than are the corresponding free base forms.It is understood that these and other substances known in the art ofpharmacology can be included in a pharmaceutical composition useful inthe invention.

In an embodiment, a composition comprising a TVEMP is a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a TVEMP. In aspects of this embodiment, apharmaceutical composition comprising a TVEMP further comprises apharmacological carrier, a pharmaceutical component, or both apharmacological carrier and a pharmaceutical component. In other aspectsof this embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a TVEMPfurther comprises at least one pharmacological carrier, at least onepharmaceutical component, or at least one pharmacological carrier and atleast one pharmaceutical component.

Aspects of the present invention provide, in part, anurogenital-neurological disorder. As used herein, the term“urogenital-neurological disorder” refers to an urogenital-rooteddisorder where at least one of the underlying symptoms being treated isdue to a nerve-based etiology, such as, e.g., a spastic dysfunctionand/or degeneration of the sacral reflex arcs. Non-limiting examples ofurogenital-neurological disorders, include, without limitation, urinaryincontinence, overactive bladder, detrusor dysfunction, lower urinarytract dysfunction, urinary retention, urinary hesitancy, polyuria,nocturia, chronic urinary tract infection, prostate disorders associatedwith or without other urogenital disorders, uterine disorders associatedwith or without other urogenital disorders, and urogenital disordersassociated with neurogenic dysfunction (such as, e.g., urogenitaldisorders associated with Parkinson's Disease, multiple sclerosis, spinabifida, transverse myelitis, stroke, spinal cord injury, spasm reflex,and a neurologic lesion of the spinal cord or brain), and other suchurogenital disorders of a nerve-based etiology.

An individual's ability to hold urine and maintain continence depends onnormal function of the lower urinary tract, the kidneys, and the nervoussystem. The individual must also have a physical and psychologicalability to recognize and appropriately respond to the urge to urinate.The bladder's ability to fill and store urine requires a functionalsphincter muscle (which controls the flow of urine out of the body) anda stable bladder wall muscle (detrusor). Normal bladder function isdependent on the nerves that sense the fullness of the bladder and onthose that trigger the muscle movements that either empty it or retainurine. The process of urination involves two phases: 1) filling andstorage of bladder and 2) emptying of bladder. During the filling andstorage phase, the bladder stretches so it can hold the increasingamount of urine. The bladder of an average person can hold 350 mL to 550mL of urine. Generally, the reflex to urinate is triggered when thebladder of an individual when approximately 200 mL of urine collects inthe bladder. The emptying phase requires that the detrusor musclecontract, forcing urine out of the bladder through the urethra. Thesphincter muscle must relax at the same time, so that urine can flow outof the body. The bladder, internal sphincters, and external sphinctersmay all be affected by nerve-based disorders that create abnormalitiesin bladder function. The damage can cause the bladder to be underactive,in which it is unable to contract and unable to empty completely, or itcan be overactive, in which it contracts too quickly or frequently.

One type of urogenital-neurological disorder is urinary incontinence.Urinary incontinence is the inability to control the passage of urine.This can range from an occasional leakage of urine, to a completeinability to hold any urine. Urinary incontinence can be caused byabnormalities in bladder capacity or malfunction of control mechanismssuch as the bladder neck and/or external urethral sphincter muscle thatare important for the bladder's storage function. The many types ofurinary incontinence.

Stress incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence in which thestrength of the muscles (urethral sphincter) that help control urinationis reduced as a result of weakened pelvic muscles that support thebladder and urethra or because of malfunction of the urethral sphincter.The weakness may be caused by prior injury to the urethral area,neurological injury, some medications, or after surgery of the prostateor pelvic area. The sphincter is not able to prevent urine flow whenthere is increased pressure from the abdomen such as during certainactivities like coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercise. Stressurinary incontinence is the most common type of urinary incontinence inwomen. Studies have shown about 50% of all women have occasional urinaryincontinence, and as many as 10% have frequent incontinence. Nearly 20%of women over age 75 experience daily urinary incontinence. Stressincontinence is often seen in women who have had multiple pregnanciesand vaginal childbirths, whose bladder, urethra, or rectal wall stickout into the vaginal space (pelvic prolapse).

Urge incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence that involves astrong, sudden need to urinate, followed by instant bladder contractionand involuntary loss of urine which results in leakage. There is notenough time between when an individual suffering from urge incontinencerecognizes the need to urinate and when urination actually occurs. Urgeincontinence is leakage of urine due to bladder muscles that contractinappropriately. Often these contractions occur regardless of the amountof urine that is in the bladder. Urge incontinence may result fromneurological injuries (such as spinal cord injury or stroke),neurological dysfunction (such as, e.g., Parkinson's Disease andmultiple sclerosis), infection, bladder cancer, bladder stones, bladderinflammation, or bladder outlet obstruction. In men, urge incontinencemay be due to neurological disease or bladder changes caused by benignprostatic hypertrophy (BPH) or bladder outlet obstruction from anenlarged prostate. The majority of cases of urge incontinence areidiopathic, meaning a specific cause cannot be identified. Although urgeincontinence may occur in anyone at any age, it is more common in womenand the elderly. Urge incontinence is also known as irritable bladder,spasmodic bladder, and unstable bladder.

Overflow urinary incontinence happens when small amounts of urine leakfrom a bladder that is always full. In older men, this can occur whenthe flow of urine from the bladder is blocked, usually by an enlargedprostate. It can sometimes be prevented by medication when earlysymptoms of prostate enlargement, such as frequent urination, appear.Some people with diabetes also have overflow incontinence. Mixed urinaryincontinence describes a disorder where an individual exhibits symptomsassociated with both stress incontinence and urge incontinence.Continuous urinary incontinence is the complaint of continuous leakage.

Thus, in an embodiment, a mammal suffering from urinary incontinence istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated withthe urinary incontinence. In an aspect of this embodiment, a mammalsuffering from stress incontinence is treated with a compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where suchadministration reduces a symptom associated with the stressincontinence. In another aspect of this embodiment, a mammal sufferingfrom urge incontinence is treated with a composition comprising atherapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where such administrationreduces a symptom associated with the urge incontinence. In stillanother aspect of this embodiment, a mammal suffering from overflowurinary incontinence is treated with a composition comprising atherapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where such administrationreduces a symptom associated with the overflow urinary incontinence. Ina further aspect of this embodiment, a mammal suffering from mixedurinary incontinence is treated with a composition comprising atherapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where such administrationreduces a symptom associated with the mixed urinary incontinence. In afurther aspect of this embodiment, a mammal suffering from continuousurinary incontinence is treated with a composition comprising atherapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where such administrationreduces a symptom associated with the continuous urinary incontinence.

Another type of urogenital-neurological disorder is overactive bladder.Overactive bladder is increased urinary urgency, with or without urgeurinary incontinence, usually with frequency and nocturia. Theindividual may report symptoms of urinary urgency (the sudden, intensedesire to urinate immediately), urinary frequency (the need to urinatemore times than is normal), enuresis (any involuntary loss of urine),polyuria, nocturia, and/or urinary incontinence. Thus, overactivebladder describes a bladder that contracts more often than it should, sothat a person feels the need to urinate more frequently and/or urgentlythan necessary and is characterized by uncontrolled, frequent expulsionof urine from the bladder. An overactive bladder usually, but notalways, causes urinary incontinence. Individuals with overactive bladdermay go to the bathroom very often, e.g., every two hours during the dayand night, and may even wet the bed. Often, a strong urge to void isexperienced when only a small amount of urine is in the bladder. Theremay be reduced bladder capacity and incomplete emptying of urine. Anoveractive bladder can be caused by interruptions in the nerve pathwaysto the bladder occurring above the sacrum. For example, spastic bladdermay be caused by an inability of the detrusor muscle of the bladder toinhibit emptying contractions until a reasonable amount of urine hasaccumulated. As such, overactive bladder is often associated withdetrusor overactivity, a pattern of bladder muscle contraction observedduring urodynamics. Overactive bladder can also be caused by urinarytract infection, outflow obstruction and stress incontinence. Sometimesno cause is found, and such idiopathic cases may be due to anxiety oraging. Symptoms include the need to urinate may times throughout the dayand night, the sensation of having to urinate immediately, and/or thesudden leakage of urine from the bladder.

Diseases extrinsic to the bladder may also cause the symptoms ofoveractive bladder. In the male patient, the extrinsic disorder mostoften responsible for overactive bladder is bladder outlet obstruction(BOO). Disorders extrinsic to the bladder in the female patient includeurethral diverticulum, retroverted uterus, pelvic prolapse (includingcystocele), gravid uterus, and loss or reduction of estrogen. Disordersextrinsic to the bladder common to both men and woman include pelvicmass, physiologic nocturnal diuresis, and polyuria caused by factorssuch as excessive fluid intake, diuretic use, or diabetes. Neuromusculardisorders may also account for the overactive bladder. Neurogenicdisorders resulting from nerve damage can also cause overactive bladder,including, without limitation, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis,spina bifida, cervical stenosis, spinal cord injury, diabeticneuropathy, pelvic surgery, or invertebral disc herniation,hydrocephalus, stroke, spinal cord injuries and lesions of the spinalcord or brain. Bladder aging may also account for these symptoms. Apatient history of pelvic trauma, pelvic radiation, or bladder,prostate, or urethral surgery should also be considered when seeking todetermine the etiology of the overactive bladder.

Thus, in an embodiment, a mammal suffering from overactive bladder istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated withthe overactive bladder. In an aspect of this embodiment, a mammalsuffering from overactive bladder is treated with a compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where suchadministration reduces incontinence, reduces urinary frequency, reducesurinary urgency, reduces enuresis, reduces polyuria, reduces nocturia,and/or reduces urinary incontinence.

Another type of urogenital-neurological disorder is detrusordysfunction, including, without limitation, detrusor overactivity,detrusor instability, and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. One kind ofdetrusor dysfunction is detrusor overactivity or involuntary detrusorcontractions (previously termed detrusor hyperreflexia). Detrusoroveractivity involves increased involuntary contractions of the detrusormuscle during the filling phase which may be spontaneous or provokedresulting in uninhibitable bladder contractions. The muscle contractionpatterns of detrusor overactivity include, without limitation, phasicdetrusor overactivity and terminal detrusor overactivity. Detrusoroveractivity can be either idiopathic in nature or they can be caused bynon-neurogenic or neurogenic conditions. Symptoms of detrusoroveractivity include, without limitation, uninhibitable bladdercontractions, urinary urgency, urinary frequency, enuresis, polyuria,nocturia, and/or urinary incontinence. Another kind of detrusordysfunction is detrusor instability. Detrusor instability involvesuncontrolled involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle resultingin uninhibitable bladder contractions irrespective of bladder capacity.Symptoms of detrusor instability include, without limitation,uninhibitable bladder contractions, urinary urgency, urinary frequency,enuresis, polyuria, nocturia, and/or urinary incontinence. Another kindof detrusor dysfunction is detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD).Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia occurs when the contraction of thedetrusor musculature is not coordinated with the relaxation of thesphincter thereby preventing the urethra from relaxing completely duringvoiding. Symptoms of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia include, withoutlimitation, urine flow interruption, raised detrusor pressure and/orurinary retention. DSD can be caused as a consequence of a neurologicalcondition such as spinal injury or multiple sclerosis.

Thus, in an embodiment, a mammal suffering from detrusor dysfunction istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated withthe detrusor dysfunction. In an aspect of this embodiment, a mammalsuffering from detrusor dysfunction is treated with a compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where suchadministration reduces uninhibitable bladder contractions, reducesurinary frequency, reduces urinary urgency, reduces enuresis, reducespolyuria, reduces nocturia, reduces urinary incontinence, reduces urineflow interruption, reduces detrusor pressure, and/or reduces urinaryretention.

In another embodiment, a mammal suffering from detrusor overactivity istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated withthe detrusor overactivity. In an aspect of this embodiment, a mammalsuffering from detrusor overactivity is treated with a compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where suchadministration reduces uninhibitable bladder contractions, reducesurinary frequency, reduces urinary urgency, reduces enuresis, reducespolyuria, reduces nocturia, and/or reduces urinary incontinence.

In yet another embodiment, a mammal suffering from detrusor instabilityis treated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effectiveamount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associatedwith the detrusor instability. In an aspect of this embodiment, a mammalsuffering from detrusor instability is treated with a compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where suchadministration reduces uninhibitable bladder contractions, reducesurinary frequency, reduces urinary urgency, reduces enuresis, reducespolyuria, reduces nocturia, and/or reduces urinary incontinence.

In still another embodiment, a mammal suffering from detrusor-sphincterdyssynergia is treated with a composition comprising a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptomassociated with the detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. In an aspect of thisembodiment, a mammal suffering from detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces urine flow interruption,reduces detrusor pressure, and/or reduces urinary retention.

Another type of urogenital-neurological disorder is a lower urinarytract dysfunction (LUTD). See e.g., Paul Abrams et al., TheStandardisation of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function: Reposrtfrom the Standardisation Subcommittee of the International ContinenceSociety, 21 Neurourol Urodyn. 167-178 (2002), which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety. Lower urinary tractdysfunctions manifest three general types of symptoms: storage, voiding,and post-micturition symptoms. Storage symptoms are experienced duringthe storage phase of the bladder and include, without limitation,urinary urgency, urinary frequency, enuresis, polyuria, nocturiaincreased bladder sensation, decreased bladder sensation, absent bladdersensation, non-specific bladder sensation, and/or urinary incontinence.Voiding symptoms are experienced during the voiding phase. Symptomsinclude, without limitation, reduced urine flow, splitting or sprayingof urine, intermittent urine flow, urinary hesitancy, strained effort tovoid urine, and/or terminal dribble of urine. Post-micturition symptomsare experienced immediately after micturition and include, withoutlimitation, sensation of incomplete emptying and/or post-micturitiondribble.

Thus, in an embodiment, a mammal suffering from a lower urinary tractdysfunction is treated with a composition comprising a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptomassociated with the lower urinary tract dysfunction. In an aspect ofthis embodiment, a mammal suffering from a lower urinary tractdysfunction is treated with a composition comprising a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces storagesymptoms. In aspects of this embodiment, the storage symptom reduced isurinary urgency, urinary frequency, enuresis, polyuria, nocturiaincreased bladder sensation, decreased bladder sensation, absent bladdersensation, non-specific bladder sensation, or urinary incontinence. Inanother aspect of this embodiment, a mammal suffering from a lowerurinary tract dysfunction is treated with a composition comprising atherapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where such administrationreduces voiding symptoms. In aspects of this embodiment, the voidingsymptom reduced is reduced urine flow, splitting or spraying of urine,intermittent urine flow, urinary hesitancy, strained effort to voidurine, or terminal dribble of urine. In yet another aspect of thisembodiment, a mammal suffering from a lower urinary tract dysfunction istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces post-micturition symptoms.In aspects of this embodiment, the post-micturition symptom reduced issensation of incomplete emptying or post-micturition dribble.

Another type of urogenital-neurological disorder is urinary retention.Urinary retention is the inability to pass urine from the bladder andmay be either an acute or chronic condition. Normally, the reflex tourinate is triggered when the bladder fills to approximately 300-500 mL.The bladder is then emptied when the contraction of the bladder wallforces urine out through the urethra. The bladder, internal sphincters,and external sphincters may all be affected by disorders that createabnormalities in bladder function resulting in urinary retention.Urinary retention can result either from loss of bladder musclecontracting performance or loss of appropriate coordination between thebladder muscle and the urethral sphincter muscle. The inability toproperly relax the urinary sphincter muscles causing difficulty inemptying the bladder, which can lead to urinary retention. Often, astrong urge to void is experienced when only a small amount of urine isin the bladder. In addition, there may be reduced bladder capacity andincomplete emptying of urine. Urinary retention may also be caused bydifficulty in relaxing the urinary sphincter muscle because thesphincter may be spastic. Alternatively, the bladder neck may behypertrophied. Other causes of urinary retention include interruptionsin the nerve pathways to the bladder occurring above the sacrum. Thisnerve damage results in a loss of sensation and motor control and isoften seen in stroke, Parkinson's disease, spina bifida, diabetes,pelvic surgery, or invertebral disc herniation, and most forms of spinalcord injuries. Sometimes no cause is found, and such idiopathic casesmay be due to anxiety or aging. Urinary retention can also occur by ablockage to the flow of urine due to prostate enlargement or urinarytract stones. Another type of urinary retention disorder is stones,which block the urinary tract of an individual thereby causing stoppageof urine flow and/or infection. Either chronic or acute retention maylead to incontinence due to leakage of urine from an overfull bladder.

Thus, in an embodiment, a mammal suffering from urinary retention istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated withthe urinary retention. In an aspect of this embodiment, a mammalsuffering from urinary retention is treated with a compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where suchadministration reduces urinary urgency, reduces urinary frequency,increases bladder capacity, reduces urinary incontinence, and/orrestores normal urine flow.

In another embodiment, a mammal suffering from acute urinary retentionis treated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effectiveamount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associatedwith the acute urinary retention. In yet another embodiment, a mammalsuffering from chronic urinary retention is treated with a compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where suchadministration reduces a symptom associated with the chronic urinaryretention.

Another type of urogenital-neurological disorder is urinary hesitancy.Urinary hesitancy is difficulty starting or maintaining a urinarystream. This problem affects people of all ages and occurs in bothsexes, but it is most common in older men with enlarged prostate glands.Urinary hesitancy usually comes on gradually. It sometimes goesunnoticed until urinary retention (complete inability to urinate)produces distention and discomfort in the bladder. Almost all older menhave some degree of difficulty in starting urination, dribbling, ordecreased force of the urinary stream. Urinary hesitancy can be causedby benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate), urinary tractinfection, especially if chronic and recurrent, prostatitis(inflammation or infection of the prostate gland), drugs (some coldremedies, some nasal decongestants, tricyclic antidepressants, andanticholinergics which may be used for incontinence), shy or bashfulbladder syndrome in younger people (unable to urinate when anotherperson is in the room), and neurological disorders.

Thus, in an embodiment, a mammal suffering from urinary hesitancy istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated withthe urinary hesitancy. In an aspect of this embodiment, a mammalsuffering from urinary hesitancy is treated with a compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where suchadministration reduces urinary urgency, reduces urinary frequency,increases bladder capacity, reduces urinary incontinence, and/orrestores normal urine flow.

Another type of urogenital-neurological disorder is polyuria. Polyuriais when a person releases abnormally excessive volume of urine each day.An excessive volume of urination for an adult would be at least 2.5liters of urine per day. Polyuria is a fairly common symptom, which isoften noticed when you have to get up to use the bathroom at night.Thus, in an embodiment, a mammal suffering from polyuria is treated witha composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMPwhere such administration reduces a symptom associated with thepolyuria.

Another type of urogenital-neurological disorder is nocturia. Nocturiais excessive urination at night, such as by waking up several timesduring the night to urinate. Normally, urine decreases in amount andbecome more concentrated at night, and as such, most people can sleep 6to 8 hours without having to urinate. But, persons with nocturia get upmore than once during the night to urinate. Because of this, those whohave excessive urination at night often have disrupted sleep cycles.Causes include benign prostatic hyperplasia, certain drugs includingdiuretics, cardiac glycosides, demeclocycline, lithium, methoxyflurane,phenytoin, propoxyphene, and excessive vitamin D, chronic or recurrenturinary tract infection, chronic renal failure, congestive heartfailure, cystitis, diabetes, drinking too much fluid before bedtime,particularly coffee, caffeinated beverages, or alcohol, and obstructivesleep apnea and other sleeping disorders. Thus, in an embodiment, amammal suffering from nocturia is treated with a composition comprisinga therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where such administrationreduces a symptom associated with the nocturia.

Another type of urogenital-neurological disorder is chronic urinarytract infection (recurrent infection). Chronic urinary tract infection(UTI) is a bacterial infection of the bladder or lower urinary tract(urethra) that lasts for a long time. Most urinary tract infectionsoccur in the lower urinary tract, which includes the bladder andurethra. The condition occurs when the normally clean lower urinarytract is infected by bacteria and becomes inflamed. Urinary tractinfections are very common. Most of the time, symptoms of a urinarytract infection disappear within 24-48 hours after treatment begins.However, if the condition occurs more than twice in 6 months, lastslonger than 2 weeks, or does not respond to usual treatment, it isconsidered chronic. The elderly are at increased risk for suchinfections because the bladder doesn't empty fully due to suchconditions as benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and urethralstrictures. Other irritating symptoms may include painful urination(dysuria), which may be a result of a urinary tract infection (UTI)caused by urine being held too long in the bladder. UTI with fever is asign of potential severe kidney infection (pyelonephritis) and is a moreworrisome situation as it may result in permanent damage of thekidney(s). Another type of urinary tract infection is vesicoureteralreflux (VUR). Vesicoureteral reflux is an abnormal backup of urine fromthe bladder to the kidney(s) that occurs as a way of releasing highpressure within the bladder. A UTI is of particular concern as VUR mayplace the patient at significant risk for a severe kidney infection bytransporting infected bladder urine directly to the kidney(s).

Thus, in an embodiment, a mammal suffering from chronic urinary tractinfection is treated with a composition comprising a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptomassociated with the chronic urinary tract infection. In anotherembodiment, a mammal suffering from dysuria is treated with acomposition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMPwhere such administration reduces a symptom associated with the dysuria.In yet another embodiment, a mammal suffering from vesicoureteral refluxis treated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effectiveamount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associatedwith the vesicoureteral reflux.

Other types of urogenital-neurological disorders are disordersassociated with prostate disorders. The prostate is a partiallyglandular and partially fibromuscular organ of the male reproductivesystem that that produces the fluid that carries sperm duringejaculation. It surrounds the urethra, the tube through which urinepasses out of the body. One type of prostate disorder is benignprostatic hyperplasia (BPH). During aging, the prostate tends to enlarge(hypertrophy) and this enlarged prostate is often called benignprostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or benign prostatic hypertrophy. Prostaticenlargement can lead to urethral obstruction and voiding dysfunctionbecause the enlarged gland can press on the urethra. BPH is not cancer,and it does not raise your risk for prostate cancer. One type ofprostate disorder is prostatitis. Prostatitis is an inflammation of theprostate gland. Prostatitis includes acute and chronic bacterialprostatitis and inflammation not caused by bacterial infection(abacterial prostatitis). One type of prostate disorder isprostatodynia. Prostatodynia is a type of inflammation of the prostatenot due to bacterial infection that may be caused by abnormal nerves ormuscles in the region. Prostatodynia is typically a chronic, painfuldisease. The symptoms (including chills, fever, pain in the lower backand genital area, body aches, burning or painful urination, and thefrequent and urgent need to urinate) characteristically go away and thencome back without warning.

Thus, in an embodiment, a mammal suffering from aurogenital-neurological disorder associated with a prostate disorder istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated withthe urogenital-neurological disorder associated with the prostatedisorder. In another aspect of this embodiment, a mammal suffering fromurogenital-neurological disorder associated with benign prostatichyperplasia is treated with a composition comprising a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptomassociated with the urogenital-neurological disorder associated withbenign prostatic hyperplasia. In yet another aspect of this embodiment,a mammal suffering from urogenital-neurological disorder associated withprostatitis is treated with a composition comprising a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptomassociated with the urogenital-neurological disorder associated withprostatitis. In still another aspect of this embodiment, a mammalsuffering from urogenital-neurological disorder associated withprostatodynia is treated with a composition comprising a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptomassociated with the urogenital-neurological disorder associated withprostatodynia.

In another embodiment, a mammal suffering from a prostate disorder istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated withthe prostate disorder. In an aspect of this embodiment, a mammalsuffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia is treated with acomposition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMPwhere such administration reduces a symptom associated with the benignprostatic hyperplasia. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, amammal suffering from prostatitis is treated with a compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where suchadministration reduces a symptom associated with the prostatitis. Instill another aspect of this embodiment, a mammal suffering fromprostatodynia is treated with a composition comprising a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptomassociated with the prostatodynia.

Other types of urogenital-neurological disorders are disordersassociated with uterine disorders. The uterus is a hollow, muscularpear-shaped female reproductive organ in which the fertilized zygoteimplants and develops into the fetus. The uterus comprises a corpus madeup of two layers of tissue, fundus, isthmus, and cervix located betweenthe urinary bladder and the rectum in the pelvic cavity of femalemammals. One type of uterine disorder is endometriosis. Endometriosis isa condition in which the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus(called the endometrium or endometrial lining) is found growing in otherareas outside of the uterus (commonly the ovaries, fallopian tubes,outer surface of the uterus, outer surface of the intestines, and nearbystructures of the pelvis). This condition often causes severe painwithin the lower abdomen and pelvis that may be associated with yourperiods each month. The symptoms of endometriosis include pain beforeand during menstrual periods, pain at the time of ovulation, pain duringor after sexual activity, heavy or irregular bleeding, fatigue, painwith bowel movements at the time of the period, pain with urination.Another type of uterine disorder is dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is thepain or discomfort (menstrual cramps) during or just before a menstrualperiod. There are two types of dysmenorrheal, primary dysmenorrhea andsecondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is severe, disabling crampswithout underlying illness. Symptoms may include backache, leg pain,nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness. This kind ofdysmenorrhea usually affects young woman within two years of the onsetof menstruation and lasts one or two days each month. Secondarydysmenorrhea is cramps caused by another medical problem(s) such asendometriosis (abnormalities in the lining of the uterus), adenomyosis(nonmalignant growth of the endometrium into the muscular layer of theuterus), pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine fibroids, cervicalnarrowing, uterine malposition, pelvic tumors or an IUD (intra-uterinedevice). This condition usually occurs in older women.

Thus, in an embodiment, a mammal suffering from aurogenital-neurological disorder associated with a uterine disorder istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated withthe urogenital-neurological disorder associated with the uterinedisorder. In an aspect of this embodiment, a mammal suffering fromendometriosis is treated with a composition comprising a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptomassociated with the endometriosis. In an aspect of this embodiment, amammal suffering from dysmenorrhea is treated with a compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where suchadministration reduces a symptom associated with the dysmenorrhea.

Other types of urogenital-neurological disorders areurogenital-neurological disorders associated with neurogenicdysfunction. Thus, in an embodiment, a mammal suffering from aurogenital-neurological disorder associated with a neurogenicdysfunction is treated with a composition comprising a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptomassociated with the urogenital-neurological disorder associated with theneurogenic dysfunction. In an aspect of this embodiment, a mammalsuffering from a urogenital-neurological disorder associated withParkinson's Disease is treated with a composition comprising atherapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where such administrationreduces a symptom associated with the urogenital-neurological disorderassociated with Parkinson's Disease. In another aspect of thisembodiment, a mammal suffering from a urogenital-neurological disorderassociated with multiple sclerosis is treated with a compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where suchadministration reduces a symptom associated with theurogenital-neurological disorder associated with multiple sclerosis. Inyet another aspect of this embodiment, a mammal suffering from aurogenital-neurological disorder associated with spina bifida is treatedwith a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of aTVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated with theurogenital-neurological disorder associated with spina bifida. In yetanother aspect of this embodiment, a mammal suffering from aurogenital-neurological disorder associated with transverse myelitis istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated withthe urogenital-neurological disorder associated with transversemyelitis. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, a mammal sufferingfrom a urogenital-neurological disorder associated with stroke istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated withthe urogenital-neurological disorder associated with stroke. In stillanother aspect of this embodiment, a mammal suffering from aurogenital-neurological disorder associated with a spinal cord injury istreated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associated withthe urogenital-neurological disorder associated with the spinal cordinjury. In still another aspect of this embodiment, a mammal sufferingfrom a urogenital-neurological disorder associated with a spasm reflexis treated with a composition comprising a therapeutically effectiveamount of a TVEMP where such administration reduces a symptom associatedwith the urogenital-neurological disorder associated with the spasmreflex. In a further aspect of this embodiment, a mammal suffering froma urogenital-neurological disorder associated with a neurologic lesionof the spinal cord or brain is treated with a composition comprising atherapeutically effective amount of a TVEMP where such administrationreduces a symptom associated with the urogenital-neurological disorderassociated with the neurologic lesion of the spinal cord or brain.

Aspects of the present invention provide, in part, a mammal. A mammalincludes a human, and a human can be a patient. Other aspects of thepresent invention provide, in part, an individual. An individualincludes a human, and a human can be a patient.

Aspects of the present invention provide, in part, administering acomposition comprising a TVEMP. As used herein, the term “administering”refers to any delivery mechanism that provides a composition comprisinga TVEMP to a patient that potentially results in a clinically,therapeutically, or experimentally beneficial result. A TVEMP can bedelivered to a patient using a cellular uptake approach where a TVEMP isdelivered intracellular or a gene therapy approach where a TVEMP isexpress derived from precursor RNAs expressed from an expressionvectors.

A composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification can be administered to a mammal using a cellular uptakeapproach. Administration of a composition comprising a TVEMP using acellular uptake approach comprise a variety of enteral or parenteralapproaches including, without limitation, oral administration in anyacceptable form, such as, e.g., tablet, liquid, capsule, powder, or thelike; topical administration in any acceptable form, such as, e.g.,drops, spray, creams, gels or ointments; intravascular administration inany acceptable form, such as, e.g., intravenous bolus injection,intravenous infusion, intra-arterial bolus injection, intra-arterialinfusion and catheter instillation into the vasculature; peri- andintra-tissue administration in any acceptable form, such as, e.g.,intraperitoneal injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneousinjection, subcutaneous infusion, intraocular injection, retinalinjection, or sub-retinal injection or epidural injection;intravesicular administration in any acceptable form, such as, e.g.,catheter instillation; and by placement device, such as, e.g., animplant, a patch, a pellet, a catheter, an osmotic pump, a suppository,a bioerodible delivery system, a non-bioerodible delivery system oranother implanted extended or slow release system. An exemplary list ofbiodegradable polymers and methods of use are described in, e.g.,Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers (Abraham J. Domb et al., eds.,Overseas Publishers Association, 1997).

A composition comprising a TVEMP can be administered to a mammal by avariety of methods known to those of skill in the art, including, butnot restricted to, encapsulation in liposomes, by ionophoresis, or byincorporation into other vehicles, such as hydrogels, cyclodextrins,biodegradable nanocapsules, and bioadhesive microspheres, or byproteinaceous vectors. Delivery mechanisms for administering acomposition comprising a TVEMP to a patient are described in, e.g.,Leonid Beigelman et al., Compositions for the Delivery of NegativelyCharged Molecules, U.S. Pat. No. 6,395,713 (May 28, 2002); and AchimAigner, Delivery Systems for the Direct Application of siRNAs to InduceRNA Interference (RNAi) in vivo, 2006(716559) J. Biomed. Biotech. 1-15(2006); Controlled Drug Delivery: Designing Technologies for the Future(Kinam Park & Randy J. Mrsny eds., American Chemical Association, 2000);Vernon G. Wong & Mae W. L. Hu, Methods for TreatingInflammation-mediated Conditions of the Eye, U.S. Pat. No. 6,726,918(Apr. 27, 2004); David A. Weber et al., Methods and Apparatus forDelivery of Ocular Implants, U.S. Patent Publication No. US2004/0054374(Mar. 18, 2004); Thierry Nivaggioli et al., Biodegradable OcularImplant, U.S. Patent Publication No. US2004/0137059 (Jul. 15, 2004);Patrick M. Hughes et al., Anti-Angiogenic Sustained Release IntraocularImplants and Related Methods, U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/364,687 (Feb. 27, 2006); and Patrick M. Hughes et al., SustainedRelease Intraocular Drug Delivery Systems, U.S. Patent Publication2006/0182783 (Aug. 17, 2006), each of which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

A composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification can also be administered to a patient using a gene therapyapproach by expressing a TVEMP within in a cell manifesting anerve-based etiology that contributes to a urogenital-neurologicaldisorder. A TVEMP can be expressed from nucleic acid moleculesoperably-linked to an expression vector, see, e.g., P. D. Good et al.,Expression of Small, Therapeutic RNAs in Human Cell Nuclei, 4(1) GeneTher. 45-54 (1997); James D. Thompson, Polymerase III-based expressionof therapeutic RNAs, U.S. Pat. No. 6,852,535 (Feb. 8, 2005); MaciejWiznerowicz et al., Tuning Silence: Conditional Systems for RNAInterference, 3(9) Nat. Methods 682-688m (2006); Ola Snøve and John J.Rossi, Expressing Short Hairpin RNAi in vivo, 3(9) Nat. Methods 689-698(2006); and Charles X. Li et al., Delivery of RNA Interference, 5(18)Cell Cycle 2103-2109 (2006). A person of ordinary skill in the art wouldrealize that any TVEMP can be expressed in eukaryotic cells using anappropriate expression vector.

Expression vectors capable of expressing a TVEMP can provide persistentor stable expression of the TVEMP in a cell manifesting a nerve-basedetiology that contributes to a urogenital-neurological disorder.Alternatively, expression vectors capable of expressing a TVEMP canprovide for transient expression of the TVEMP in a cell manifesting anerve-based etiology that contributes to a urogenital-neurologicaldisorder. Such transiently expressing vectors can be repeatedlyadministered as necessary. A TVEMP-expressing vectors can beadministered by a delivery mechanism and route of administrationdiscussed above, by administration to target cells ex-planted from apatient followed by reintroduction into the patient, or by any othermethod that would allow for introduction into the desired target cell,see, e.g., Larry A. Couture and Dan T. Stinchcomb, Anti-gene Therapy:The Use of Ribozymes to Inhibit Gene Function, 12(12) Trends Genet.510-515 (1996).

The actual delivery mechanism used to administer a compositioncomprising a TVEMP to a mammal can be determined by a person of ordinaryskill in the art by taking into account factors, including, withoutlimitation, the type of urogenital-neurological disorder, the locationof the urogenital-neurological disorder, the cause of theurogenital-neurological disorder, the severity of theurogenital-neurological disorder, the degree of relief desired, theduration of relief desired, the particular TVEMP used, the rate ofexcretion of the TVEMP used, the pharmacodynamics of the TVEMP used, thenature of the other compounds to be included in the composition, theparticular route of administration, the particular characteristics,history and risk factors of the patient, such as, e.g., age, weight,general health and the like, or any combination thereof.

In an embodiment, a composition comprising a TVEMP is administered tothe site to be treated by injection. In aspects of this embodiment,injection of a composition comprising a TVEMP is by, e.g., intramuscularinjection, subdermal injection, or dermal injection. In aspects of thisembodiment, injection of a composition comprising a TVEMP is into thelower urinary tract, including the bladder wall, the urinary sphincteror bladder neck.

A composition comprising a TVEMP can be administered to a mammal using avariety of routes. Routes of administration suitable for a method oftreating an urogenital-neurological disorder as disclosed in the presentspecification include both local and systemic administration. Localadministration results in significantly more delivery of a compositionto a specific location as compared to the entire body of the mammal,whereas, systemic administration results in delivery of a composition toessentially the entire body of the patient. Routes of administrationsuitable for a method of treating an urogenital-neurological disorder asdisclosed in the present specification also include both central andperipheral administration. Central administration results in delivery ofa composition to essentially the central nervous system of the patientand includes, e.g., intrathecal administration, epidural administrationas well as a cranial injection or implant. Peripheral administrationresults in delivery of a composition to essentially any area of apatient outside of the central nervous system and encompasses any routeof administration other than direct administration to the spine orbrain. The actual route of administration of a composition comprising aTVEMP used in a mammal can be determined by a person of ordinary skillin the art by taking into account factors, including, withoutlimitation, the type of urogenital-neurological disorder, the locationof the urogenital-neurological disorder, the cause of theurogenital-neurological disorder, the severity of theurogenital-neurological disorder, the degree of relief desired, theduration of relief desired, the particular TVEMP used, the rate ofexcretion of the TVEMP used, the pharmacodynamics of the TVEMP used, thenature of the other compounds to be included in the composition, theparticular route of administration, the particular characteristics,history and risk factors of the mammal, such as, e.g., age, weight,general health and the like, or any combination thereof.

In an embodiment, a composition comprising a TVEMP is administeredsystemically to a mammal. In another embodiment, a compositioncomprising a TVEMP is administered locally to a mammal. In an aspect ofthis embodiment, a composition comprising a TVEMP is administered to thebladder of a mammal. In another aspect of this embodiment, a compositioncomprising a TVEMP is administered to the prostate of a mammal. Inanother aspect of this embodiment, a composition comprising a TVEMP isadministered to the uterus of a mammal.

Aspects of the present invention provide, in part, administering atherapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a TVEMP. Asused herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” is synonymouswith “therapeutically effective dose” and when used in reference totreating an urogenital-neurological disorder refers to the minimum doseof a TVEMP necessary to achieve the desired therapeutic effect andincludes a dose sufficient to reduce a symptom associated with anurogenital-neurological disorder. In aspects of this embodiment, atherapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a TVEMPreduces a symptom associated with an urogenital-neurological disorderby, e.g., at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, atleast 70%, at least 80%, at least 90% or at least 100%. In other aspectsof this embodiment, a therapeutically effective amount of a compositioncomprising a TVEMP reduces a symptom associated with anurogenital-neurological disorder by, e.g., at most 30%, at most 40%, atmost 50%, at most 60%, at most 70%, at most 80%, at most 90% or at most100%. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a composition comprising a TVEMP reduces a symptomassociated with an urogenital-neurological disorder by, e.g., about 10%to about 100%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10%to about 70%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10%to about 40%, about 20% to about 100%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20%to about 80%, about 20% to about 20%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20%to about 50%, about 20% to about 40%, about 30% to about 100%, about 30%to about 90%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30%to about 60%, or about 30% to about 50%.

In other aspects of this embodiment, a therapeutically effective amountof a composition comprising a TVEMP reduces a symptom associated with anurogenital-neurological disorder by, e.g., about one week, about onemonth, about two months, about three months, about four months, aboutfive months, about six months, about seven months, about eight months,about nine months, about ten months, about eleven months, or abouttwelve months. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, atherapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a TVEMPreduces a symptom associated with an urogenital-neurological disorderby, e.g., at least one week, at least one month, at least two months, atleast three months, at least four months, at least five months, at leastsix months, at least seven months, at least eight months, at least ninemonths, at least ten months, at least eleven months, or at least twelvemonths. In still other aspects of this embodiment, a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a composition comprising a TVEMP reduces a symptomassociated with an urogenital-neurological disorder by, e.g., about 1week to about three months, about one month to about six months, aboutone month to about nine months, about one month to about twelve months,about three months to about six months, about three months to about ninemonths, about three months to about twelve months.

The actual therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprisinga TVEMP to be administered to a mammal can be determined by a person ofordinary skill in the art by taking into account factors, including,without limitation, the type of urogenital-neurological disorder, thelocation of the urogenital-neurological disorder, the cause of theurogenital-neurological disorder, the severity of theurogenital-neurological disorder, the degree of relief desired, theduration of relief desired, the particular TVEMP used, the rate ofexcretion of the TVEMP used, the pharmacodynamics of the TVEMP used, thenature of the other compounds to be included in the composition, theparticular route of administration, the particular characteristics,history and risk factors of the patient, such as, e.g., age, weight,general health and the like, or any combination thereof. Additionally,where repeated administration of a composition comprising a TVEMP isused, the actual effect amount of a composition comprising a TVEMP willfurther depend upon factors, including, without limitation, thefrequency of administration, the half-life of the composition comprisinga TVEMP, or any combination thereof. In is known by a person of ordinaryskill in the art that an effective amount of a composition comprising aTVEMP can be extrapolated from in vitro assays and in vivoadministration studies using animal models prior to administration tohumans. Wide variations in the necessary effective amount are to beexpected in view of the differing efficiencies of the various routes ofadministration. For instance, oral administration generally would beexpected to require higher dosage levels than administration byintravenous or intravitreal injection. Variations in these dosage levelscan be adjusted using standard empirical routines of optimization, whichare well-known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. The precisetherapeutically effective dosage levels and patterns are preferablydetermined by the attending physician in consideration of theabove-identified factors.

As a non-limiting example, when administering a composition comprising aTVEMP to a mammal, a therapeutically effective amount generally is inthe range of about 1 fg to about 3.0 mg. In aspects of this embodiment,an effective amount of a composition comprising a TVEMP can be, e.g.,about 100 fg to about 3.0 mg, about 100 pg to about 3.0 mg, about 100 ngto about 3.0 mg, or about 100 μg to about 3.0 mg. In other aspects ofthis embodiment, an effective amount of a composition comprising a TVEMPcan be, e.g., about 100 fg to about 750 μg, about 100 pg to about 750μg, about 100 ng to about 750 μg, or about 1 μg to about 750 μg. In yetother aspects of this embodiment, a therapeutically effective amount ofa composition comprising a TVEMP can be, e.g., at least 1 fg, at least250 fg, at least 500 fg, at least 750 fg, at least 1 pg, at least 250pg, at least 500 pg, at least 750 pg, at least 1 ng, at least 250 ng, atleast 500 ng, at least 750 ng, at least 1 μg, at least 250 μg, at least500 μg, at least 750 μg, or at least 1 mg. In still other aspects ofthis embodiment, a therapeutically effective amount of a compositioncomprising a TVEMP can be, e.g., at most 1 fg, at most 250 fg, at most500 fg, at most 750 fg, at most 1 pg, at most 250 pg, at most 500 pg, atmost 750 pg, at most 1 ng, at most 250 ng, at most 500 ng, at most 750ng, at most 1 μg, at least 250 μg, at most 500 μg, at most 750 μg, or atmost 1 mg.

As another non-limiting example, when administering a compositioncomprising a TVEMP to a mammal, a therapeutically effective amountgenerally is in the range of about 0.00001 mg/kg to about 3.0 mg/kg. Inaspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of a compositioncomprising a TVEMP can be, e.g., about 0.0001 mg/kg to about 0.001mg/kg, about 0.03 mg/kg to about 3.0 mg/kg, about 0.1 mg/kg to about 3.0mg/kg, or about 0.3 mg/kg to about 3.0 mg/kg. In yet other aspects ofthis embodiment, a therapeutically effective amount of a compositioncomprising a TVEMP can be, e.g., at least 0.00001 mg/kg, at least 0.0001mg/kg, at least 0.001 mg/kg, at least 0.01 mg/kg, at least 0.1 mg/kg, orat least 1 mg/kg. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, atherapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a TVEMP canbe, e.g., at most 0.00001 mg/kg, at most 0.0001 mg/kg, at most 0.001mg/kg, at most 0.01 mg/kg, at most 0.1 mg/kg, or at most 1 mg/kg.

Dosing can be single dosage or cumulative (serial dosing), and can bereadily determined by one skilled in the art. For instance, treatment ofan urogenital-neurological disorder may comprise a one-timeadministration of an effective dose of a composition comprising a TVEMP.As a non-limiting example, an effective dose of a composition comprisinga TVEMP can be administered once to a patient, e.g., as a singleinjection or deposition at or near the site exhibiting a symptom of anurogenital-neurological disorder. Alternatively, treatment of anurogenital-neurological disorder may comprise multiple administrationsof an effective dose of a composition comprising a TVEMP carried outover a range of time periods, such as, e.g., daily, once every few days,weekly, monthly or yearly. As a non-limiting example, a compositioncomprising a TVEMP can be administered once or twice yearly to a mammal.The timing of administration can vary from mammal to mammal, dependingupon such factors as the severity of a mammal's symptoms. For example,an effective dose of a composition comprising a TVEMP can beadministered to a mammal once a month for an indefinite period of time,or until the patient no longer requires therapy. A person of ordinaryskill in the art will recognize that the condition of the mammal can bemonitored throughout the course of treatment and that the effectiveamount of a composition comprising a TVEMP that is administered can beadjusted accordingly.

A composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification can also be administered to a mammal in combination withother therapeutic compounds to increase the overall therapeutic effectof the treatment. The use of multiple compounds to treat an indicationcan increase the beneficial effects while reducing the presence of sideeffects.

Aspects of the present invention can also be described as follows:

-   1. A method of treating urogenital-neurological disorder in a    mammal, the method comprising the step of administering to the    mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a    composition including a TVEMP comprising a retargeted peptide    binding domain, a Clostridial toxin translocation domain and a    Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, wherein administration of the    composition reduces a symptom of the urogenital-neurological    disorder, thereby treating the mammal.-   2. The method of 1, wherein the TVEMP comprises a linear    amino-to-carboxyl single polypeptide order of 1) the Clostridial    toxin enzymatic domain, the Clostridial toxin translocation domain,    the retargeted peptide binding domain, 2) the Clostridial toxin    enzymatic domain, the retargeted peptide binding domain, the    Clostridial toxin translocation domain, 3) the retargeted peptide    binding domain, the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, and the    Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, 4) the retargeted peptide    binding domain, the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, the    Clostridial toxin translocation domain, 5) the Clostridial toxin    translocation domain, the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain and the    retargeted peptide binding domain, or 6) the Clostridial toxin    translocation domain, the retargeted peptide binding domain and the    Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain.-   3. The method of 1, wherein the retargeted peptide binding domain is    a galanin peptide binding domain, a PAR peptide binding domain, a    somatostatin peptide binding domain, a neurotensin peptide binding    domain, a SLURP peptide binding domain.-   4. The method of 3, wherein the galanin peptide binding domain is a    galanin or a galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP).-   5. The method of 3, wherein the galanin peptide binding domain    comprises SEQ ID NO: 67 or SEQ ID NO: 68.-   6. The method of 3, wherein the PAR peptide binding domain is a PAR1    peptide, a PAR2 peptide, a PAR3 peptide and a PAR4 peptide.-   7. The method of 3, wherein the PAR peptide binding domain comprises    amino acids 42-47, amino acids 42-55, amino acids 29-64 or amino    acids 1-64 of SEQ ID NO: 69; amino acids 35-40, amino acids 35-48,    amino acids 24-59 or amino acids 1-59 of SEQ ID NO: 70; amino acids    39-44, amino acids 39-52, amino acids 26-60 or amino acids 1-60 of    SEQ ID NO: 71; amino acids 48-53, amino acids 48-61, amino acids    35-70 or amino acids 1-70 of SEQ ID NO: 72.-   8. The method of 3, wherein the somatostatin peptide binding domain    is a somatostatin peptide.-   9. The method of 3, wherein the somatostatin peptide binding domain    comprises amino acids 99-116 of SEQ ID NO: 73.-   10. The method of 3, wherein the neurotensin peptide binding domain    a neurotensin or a neuromedin N.-   11. The method of 3, wherein the neurotensin peptide binding domain    comprises amino acids 143-148 or amino acids 151-163 of SEQ ID NO:    74.-   12. The method of 3, wherein the SLURP peptide binding domain is a    SLURP-1 or a SLURP-2.-   13. The method of 3, wherein the SLURP peptide binding domain    comprises amino acids 23-101 of SEQ ID NO: 75 or amino acids 23-95    of SEQ ID NO: 76.-   14. The method of 1, wherein the Clostridial toxin translocation    domain is a BoNT/A translocation domain, a BoNT/B translocation    domain, a BoNT/C1 translocation domain, a BoNT/D translocation    domain, a BoNT/E translocation domain, a BoNT/F translocation    domain, a BoNT/G translocation domain, a TeNT translocation domain,    a BaNT translocation domain, or a BuNT translocation domain.-   15. The method of 1, wherein the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain    is a BoNT/A enzymatic domain, a BoNT/B enzymatic domain, a BoNT/C1    enzymatic domain, a BoNT/D enzymatic domain, a BoNT/E enzymatic    domain, a BoNT/F enzymatic domain, a BoNT/G enzymatic domain, a TeNT    enzymatic domain, a BaNT enzymatic domain, or a BuNT enzymatic    domain.-   16. The method of 1, wherein the urogenital-neurological disorder is    urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, detrusor dysfunction,    lower urinary tract dysfunction, urinary retention, urinary    hesitancy, polyuria, nocturia, chronic urinary tract infection, an    urogenital disorder associated with a prostate disorder, an    urogenital disorder associated with a uterine disorder, or an    urogenital disorder associated with a neurogenic dysfunction.-   17. The method of 16, wherein the urinary incontinence is an urge    urinary incontinence, a stress urinary incontinence, an overflow    urinary incontinence, a mixed urinary incontinence, or a continuous    urinary incontinence.-   18. The method of 16, wherein the detrusor dysfunction is a detrusor    overactivity, a detrusor instability, or a detrusor-sphincter    dyssynergia.-   19. The method of 16, wherein the urogenital disorder associated    with a prostate disorder is an urogenital disorder associated with    benign prostatic hyperplasia, an urogenital disorder associated with    prostatitis, or an urogenital disorder associated with    prostatodynia.-   20. The method of 16, wherein the urogenital disorder associated    with a neurogenic dysfunction is an urogenital disorder associated    with Parkinson's Disease, an urogenital disorder associated with    multiple sclerosis, an urogenital disorder associated with spina    bifida, an urogenital disorder associated with transverse myelitis,    an urogenital disorder associated with stroke, an urogenital    disorder associated with a spinal cord injury, an urogenital    disorder associated with a spasm reflex, an urogenital disorder    associated with a neurologic lesion of the spinal cord, or an    urogenital disorder associated with a neurologic lesion of the    brain.-   21. A method of treating urogenital-neurological disorder in a    mammal, the method comprising the step of administering to the    mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a    composition including a TVEMP comprising a retargeted peptide    binding domain, a Clostridial toxin translocation domain, a    Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, and an exogenous protease    cleavage site, wherein administration of the composition reduces a    symptom of the urogenital-neurological disorder, thereby treating    the mammal.-   22. The method of 21, wherein the TVEMP comprises a linear    amino-to-carboxyl single polypeptide order of 1) the Clostridial    toxin enzymatic domain, the exogenous protease cleavage site, the    Clostridial toxin translocation domain, the retargeted peptide    binding domain, 2) the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, the    exogenous protease cleavage site, the retargeted peptide binding    domain, the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, 3) the    retargeted peptide binding domain, the Clostridial toxin    translocation domain, the exogenous protease cleavage site and the    Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, 4) the retargeted peptide    binding domain, the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, the    exogenous protease cleavage site, the Clostridial toxin    translocation domain, 5) the Clostridial toxin translocation domain,    the exogenous protease cleavage site, the Clostridial toxin    enzymatic domain and the retargeted peptide binding domain, or 6)    the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, the exogenous protease    cleavage site, the retargeted peptide binding domain and the    Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain.-   23. The method of 21, wherein the retargeted peptide binding domain    is a galanin peptide binding domain, a PAR peptide binding domain, a    somatostatin peptide binding domain, a neurotensin peptide binding    domain, a SLURP peptide binding domain.-   24. The method of 23, wherein the galanin peptide binding domain is    a galanin or a galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP).-   25. The method of 23, wherein the galanin peptide binding domain    comprises SEQ ID NO: 67 or SEQ ID NO: 68.-   26. The method of 23, wherein the PAR peptide binding domain is a    PAR1 peptide, a PAR2 peptide, a PAR3 peptide and a PAR4 peptide.-   27. The method of 23, wherein the PAR peptide binding domain    comprises amino acids 42-47, amino acids 42-55, amino acids 29-64 or    amino acids 1-64 of SEQ ID NO: 69; amino acids 35-40, amino acids    35-48, amino acids 24-59 or amino acids 1-59 of SEQ ID NO: 70; amino    acids 39-44, amino acids 39-52, amino acids 26-60 or amino acids    1-60 of SEQ ID NO: 71; amino acids 48-53, amino acids 48-61, amino    acids 35-70 or amino acids 1-70 of SEQ ID NO: 72.-   28. The method of 23, wherein the somatostatin peptide binding    domain is a somatostatin peptide.-   29. The method of 23, wherein the somatostatin peptide binding    domain comprises amino acids 99-116 of SEQ ID NO: 73.-   30. The method of 23, wherein the neurotensin peptide binding domain    a neurotensin or a neuromedin N.-   31. The method of 23, wherein the neurotensin peptide binding domain    comprises amino acids 143-148 or amino acids 151-163 of SEQ ID NO:    74.-   32. The method of 23, wherein the SLURP peptide binding domain is a    SLURP-1 or a SLURP-2.-   33. The method of 23, wherein the SLURP peptide binding domain    comprises amino acids 23-101 of SEQ ID NO: 75 or amino acids 23-95    of SEQ ID NO: 76.-   34. The method of 21, wherein the Clostridial toxin translocation    domain is a BoNT/A translocation domain, a BoNT/B translocation    domain, a BoNT/C1 translocation domain, a BoNT/D translocation    domain, a BoNT/E translocation domain, a BoNT/F translocation    domain, a BoNT/G translocation domain, a TeNT translocation domain,    a BaNT translocation domain, or a BuNT translocation domain.-   35. The method of 21, wherein the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain    is a BoNT/A enzymatic domain, a BoNT/B enzymatic domain, a BoNT/C1    enzymatic domain, a BoNT/D enzymatic domain, a BoNT/E enzymatic    domain, a BoNT/F enzymatic domain, a BoNT/G enzymatic domain, a TeNT    enzymatic domain, a BaNT enzymatic domain, or a BuNT enzymatic    domain.-   36. The method of 21, wherein the exogenous protease cleavage site    is a plant papain cleavage site, an insect papain cleavage site, a    crustacian papain cleavage site, an enterokinase cleavage site, a    human rhinovirus 3C protease cleavage site, a human enterovirus 3C    protease cleavage site, a tobacco etch virus protease cleavage site,    a Tobacco Vein Mottling Virus cleavage site, a subtilisin cleavage    site, a hydroxylamine cleavage site, or a Caspase 3 cleavage site.-   37. The method of 21, wherein the urogenital-neurological disorder    is urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, detrusor dysfunction,    lower urinary tract dysfunction, urinary retention, urinary    hesitancy, polyuria, nocturia, chronic urinary tract infection, an    urogenital disorder associated with a prostate disorder, an    urogenital disorder associated with a uterine disorder, or an    urogenital disorder associated with a neurogenic dysfunction.-   38. The method of 37, wherein the urinary incontinence is an urge    urinary incontinence, a stress urinary incontinence, an overflow    urinary incontinence, a mixed urinary incontinence, or a continuous    urinary incontinence.-   39. The method of 37, wherein the detrusor dysfunction is a detrusor    overactivity, a detrusor instability, or a detrusor-sphincter    dyssynergia.-   40. The method of 37, wherein the urogenital disorder associated    with a prostate disorder is an urogenital disorder associated with    benign prostatic hyperplasia, an urogenital disorder associated with    prostatitis, or an urogenital disorder associated with    prostatodynia.-   41. The method of 37, wherein the urogenital disorder associated    with a neurogenic dysfunction is an urogenital disorder associated    with Parkinson's Disease, an urogenital disorder associated with    multiple sclerosis, an urogenital disorder associated with spina    bifida, an urogenital disorder associated with transverse myelitis,    an urogenital disorder associated with stroke, an urogenital    disorder associated with a spinal cord injury, an urogenital    disorder associated with a spasm reflex, an urogenital disorder    associated with a neurologic lesion of the spinal cord, or an    urogenital disorder associated with a neurologic lesion of the    brain.-   42. A manufacturing of a medicament for treating    urogenital-neurological disorder in a mammal in need thereof,    wherein the medicament comprises a TVEMP including a retargeted    peptide binding domain, a Clostridial toxin translocation domain and    a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain and wherein administration of a    therapeutically effective amount of the medicament to the mammal    reduces a symptom of the urogenital-neurological disorder, thereby    treating the mammal.-   43. A use of a composition for treating urogenital-neurological    disorder in a mammal in need thereof, the use comprising the step of    administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically    effective amount of a composition, wherein the composition comprises    a TVEMP including a retargeted peptide binding domain, a Clostridial    toxin translocation domain and a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain    and wherein administration of the composition reduces a symptom of    the urogenital-neurological disorder, thereby treating the mammal.-   44. The medicament of 42 or use of 43, wherein the TVEMP comprises a    linear amino-to-carboxyl single polypeptide order of 1) the    Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, the Clostridial toxin    translocation domain, the retargeted peptide binding domain, 2) the    Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, the retargeted peptide binding    domain, the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, 3) the    retargeted peptide binding domain, the Clostridial toxin    translocation domain, and the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, 4)    the retargeted peptide binding domain, the Clostridial toxin    enzymatic domain, the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, 5) the    Clostridial toxin translocation domain, the Clostridial toxin    enzymatic domain and the retargeted peptide binding domain, or 6)    the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, the retargeted peptide    binding domain and the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain.-   45. The medicament of 42 or use of 43, wherein the retargeted    peptide binding domain is a galanin peptide binding domain, a PAR    peptide binding domain, a somatostatin peptide binding domain, a    neurotensin peptide binding domain, a SLURP peptide binding domain.-   46. The medicament or use of 45, wherein the galanin peptide binding    domain is a galanin or a galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP).-   47. The medicament or use of 45, wherein the galanin peptide binding    domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 67 or SEQ ID NO: 68.-   48. The medicament or use of 45, wherein the PAR peptide binding    domain is a PAR1 peptide, a PAR2 peptide, a PAR3 peptide and a PAR4    peptide.-   49. The medicament or use of 45, wherein the PAR peptide binding    domain comprises amino acids 42-47, amino acids 42-55, amino acids    29-64 or amino acids 1-64 of SEQ ID NO: 69; amino acids 35-40, amino    acids 35-48, amino acids 24-59 or amino acids 1-59 of SEQ ID NO: 70;    amino acids 39-44, amino acids 39-52, amino acids 26-60 or amino    acids 1-60 of SEQ ID NO: 71; amino acids 48-53, amino acids 48-61,    amino acids 35-70 or amino acids 1-70 of SEQ ID NO: 72.-   50. The medicament or use of 45, wherein the somatostatin peptide    binding domain is a somatostatin peptide.-   51. The medicament or use of 45, wherein the somatostatin peptide    binding domain comprises amino acids 99-116 of SEQ ID NO: 73.-   52. The medicament or use of 45, wherein the neurotensin peptide    binding domain a neurotensin or a neuromedin N.-   53. The medicament or use of 45, wherein the neurotensin peptide    binding domain comprises amino acids 143-148 or amino acids 151-163    of SEQ ID NO: 74.-   54. The medicament or use of 45, wherein the SLURP peptide binding    domain is a SLURP-1 or a SLURP-2.-   55. The medicament or use of 45, wherein the SLURP peptide binding    domain comprises amino acids 23-101 of SEQ ID NO: 75 or amino acids    23-95 of SEQ ID NO: 76.-   56. The medicament of 42 or use of 43, wherein the Clostridial toxin    translocation domain is a BoNT/A translocation domain, a BoNT/B    translocation domain, a BoNT/C1 translocation domain, a BoNT/D    translocation domain, a BoNT/E translocation domain, a BoNT/F    translocation domain, a BoNT/G translocation domain, a TeNT    translocation domain, a BaNT translocation domain, or a BuNT    translocation domain.-   57. The medicament of 42 or use of 43, wherein the Clostridial toxin    enzymatic domain is a BoNT/A enzymatic domain, a BoNT/B enzymatic    domain, a BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain, a BoNT/D enzymatic domain, a    BoNT/E enzymatic domain, a BoNT/F enzymatic domain, a BoNT/G    enzymatic domain, a TeNT enzymatic domain, a BaNT enzymatic domain,    or a BuNT enzymatic domain.-   58. The medicament of 42 or use of 43, wherein the    urogenital-neurological disorder is urinary incontinence, overactive    bladder, detrusor dysfunction, lower urinary tract dysfunction,    urinary retention, urinary hesitancy, polyuria, nocturia, chronic    urinary tract infection, an urogenital disorder associated with a    prostate disorder, an urogenital disorder associated with a uterine    disorder, or an urogenital disorder associated with a neurogenic    dysfunction.-   59. The medicament or use of 58, wherein the urinary incontinence is    an urge urinary incontinence, a stress urinary incontinence, an    overflow urinary incontinence, a mixed urinary incontinence, or a    continuous urinary incontinence.-   60. The medicament or use of 58, wherein the detrusor dysfunction is    a detrusor overactivity, a detrusor instability, or a    detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia.-   61. The medicament or use of 58, wherein the urogenital disorder    associated with a prostate disorder is an urogenital disorder    associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, an urogenital disorder    associated with prostatitis, or an urogenital disorder associated    with prostatodynia.-   62. The medicament or use of 58, wherein the urogenital disorder    associated with a neurogenic dysfunction is an urogenital disorder    associated with Parkinson's Disease, an urogenital disorder    associated with multiple sclerosis, an urogenital disorder    associated with spina bifida, an urogenital disorder associated with    transverse myelitis, an urogenital disorder associated with stroke,    an urogenital disorder associated with a spinal cord injury, an    urogenital disorder associated with a spasm reflex, an urogenital    disorder associated with a neurologic lesion of the spinal cord, or    an urogenital disorder associated with a neurologic lesion of the    brain.-   63. A manufacturing of a medicament for treating    urogenital-neurological disorder in a mammal in need thereof,    wherein the medicament comprises a TVEMP including a retargeted    peptide binding domain, a Clostridial toxin translocation domain, a    Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, and an exogenous protease    cleavage site and wherein administration of a therapeutically    effective amount of the medicament to the mammal reduces a symptom    of the urogenital-neurological disorder, thereby treating the    mammal.-   64. A use of a composition for treating urogenital-neurological    disorder in a mammal in need thereof, the use comprising the step of    administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically    effective amount of a composition, wherein the composition comprises    a TVEMP including a retargeted peptide binding domain, a Clostridial    toxin translocation domain, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain,    and an exogenous protease cleavage site, and wherein administration    of the composition reduces a symptom of the urogenital-neurological    disorder, thereby treating the mammal.-   65. The medicament of 63 or use of 64, wherein the TVEMP comprises a    linear amino-to-carboxyl single polypeptide order of 1) the    Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, the exogenous protease cleavage    site, the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, the retargeted    peptide binding domain, 2) the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain,    the exogenous protease cleavage site, the retargeted peptide binding    domain, the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, 3) the    retargeted peptide binding domain, the Clostridial toxin    translocation domain, the exogenous protease cleavage site and the    Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, 4) the retargeted peptide    binding domain, the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, the    exogenous protease cleavage site, the Clostridial toxin    translocation domain, 5) the Clostridial toxin translocation domain,    the exogenous protease cleavage site, the Clostridial toxin    enzymatic domain and the retargeted peptide binding domain, or 6)    the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, the exogenous protease    cleavage site, the retargeted peptide binding domain and the    Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain.-   66. The medicament of 63 or use of 64, wherein the retargeted    peptide binding domain is a galanin peptide binding domain, a PAR    peptide binding domain, a somatostatin peptide binding domain, a    neurotensin peptide binding domain, a SLURP peptide binding domain.-   67. The medicament of 66, wherein the galanin peptide binding domain    is a galanin or a galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP).-   68. The medicament of 66, wherein the galanin peptide binding domain    comprises SEQ ID NO: 67 or SEQ ID NO: 68.-   69. The medicament of 66, wherein the PAR peptide binding domain is    a PAR1 peptide, a PAR2 peptide, a PAR3 peptide and a PAR4 peptide.-   70. The medicament of 66, wherein the PAR peptide binding domain    comprises amino acids 42-47, amino acids 42-55, amino acids 29-64 or    amino acids 1-64 of SEQ ID NO: 69; amino acids 35-40, amino acids    35-48, amino acids 24-59 or amino acids 1-59 of SEQ ID NO: 70; amino    acids 39-44, amino acids 39-52, amino acids 26-60 or amino acids    1-60 of SEQ ID NO: 71; amino acids 48-53, amino acids 48-61, amino    acids 35-70 or amino acids 1-70 of SEQ ID NO: 72.-   71. The medicament of 66, wherein the somatostatin peptide binding    domain is a somatostatin peptide.-   72. The medicament of 66, wherein the somatostatin peptide binding    domain comprises amino acids 99-116 of SEQ ID NO: 73.-   73. The medicament of 66, wherein the neurotensin peptide binding    domain a neurotensin or a neuromedin N.-   74. The medicament of 66, wherein the neurotensin peptide binding    domain comprises amino acids 143-148 or amino acids 151-163 of SEQ    ID NO: 74.-   75. The medicament of 66, wherein the SLURP peptide binding domain    is a SLURP-1 or a SLURP-2.-   76. The medicament of 66, wherein the SLURP peptide binding domain    comprises amino acids 23-101 of SEQ ID NO: 75 or amino acids 23-95    of SEQ ID NO: 76.-   77. The medicament of 63 or use of 64, wherein the Clostridial toxin    translocation domain is a BoNT/A translocation domain, a BoNT/B    translocation domain, a BoNT/C1 translocation domain, a BoNT/D    translocation domain, a BoNT/E translocation domain, a BoNT/F    translocation domain, a BoNT/G translocation domain, a TeNT    translocation domain, a BaNT translocation domain, or a BuNT    translocation domain.-   78. The medicament of 63 or use of 64, wherein the Clostridial toxin    enzymatic domain is a BoNT/A enzymatic domain, a BoNT/B enzymatic    domain, a BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain, a BoNT/D enzymatic domain, a    BoNT/E enzymatic domain, a BoNT/F enzymatic domain, a BoNT/G    enzymatic domain, a TeNT enzymatic domain, a BaNT enzymatic domain,    or a BuNT enzymatic domain.-   79. The medicament of 63 or use of 64, wherein the    urogenital-neurological disorder is urinary incontinence, overactive    bladder, detrusor dysfunction, lower urinary tract dysfunction,    urinary retention, urinary hesitancy, polyuria, nocturia, chronic    urinary tract infection, an urogenital disorder associated with a    prostate disorder, an urogenital disorder associated with a uterine    disorder, or an urogenital disorder associated with a neurogenic    dysfunction.-   80. The medicament or use of 79, wherein the urinary incontinence is    an urge urinary incontinence, a stress urinary incontinence, an    overflow urinary incontinence, a mixed urinary incontinence, or a    continuous urinary incontinence.-   81. The medicament or use of 79, wherein the detrusor dysfunction is    a detrusor overactivity, a detrusor instability, or a    detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia.-   82. The medicament or use of 79, wherein the urogenital disorder    associated with a prostate disorder is an urogenital disorder    associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, an urogenital disorder    associated with prostatitis, or an urogenital disorder associated    with prostatodynia.-   83. The medicament or use of 79, wherein the urogenital disorder    associated with a neurogenic dysfunction is an urogenital disorder    associated with Parkinson's Disease, an urogenital disorder    associated with multiple sclerosis, an urogenital disorder    associated with spina bifida, an urogenital disorder associated with    transverse myelitis, an urogenital disorder associated with stroke,    an urogenital disorder associated with a spinal cord injury, an    urogenital disorder associated with a spasm reflex, an urogenital    disorder associated with a neurologic lesion of the spinal cord, or    an urogenital disorder associated with a neurologic lesion of the    brain.-   84. The medicament of 63 or use of 64, wherein the exogenous    protease cleavage site is a plant papain cleavage site, an insect    papain cleavage site, a crustacian papain cleavage site, an    enterokinase cleavage site, a human rhinovirus 3C protease cleavage    site, a human enterovirus 3C protease cleavage site, a tobacco etch    virus protease cleavage site, a Tobacco Vein Mottling Virus cleavage    site, a subtilisin cleavage site, a hydroxylamine cleavage site, or    a Caspase 3 cleavage site.

EXAMPLES

The following non-limiting examples are provided for illustrativepurposes only in order to facilitate a more complete understanding ofdisclosed embodiments and are in no way intended to limit any of theembodiments disclosed in the present specification.

Example 1 Treatment of Urinary Incontinence

A 69 year old female complains of the inability to control the passageof urine. A physician diagnosis the patient with urinary incontinencehaving a neurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. Thewoman is treated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprisinga TVEMP as disclosed in the present specification. Depending on thelocation of abnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered intoe.g., the detrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internalurethral sphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of thebladder wall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as theurethra, ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. Thepatient's condition is monitored and after about 1-3 days fromtreatment, and the woman indicates there is improvement of her abilityto control the passage of urine. At one and three month check-ups, thewoman indicates that she continues to have increased control over herability to pass urine. This reduction in an urinary incontinence symptomindicates successful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

A 72 year old female complains of the inability to control the passageof urine, and leakage occurs especially when she coughs, sneezes, laughsor exercises. A physician diagnosis the patient with stress urinaryincontinence having a neurological component involving abnormal neuronactivity. The woman is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's condition is monitoredand after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the woman indicates thereis improvement of her ability to control the passage of urine,especially when she coughs, sneezes, laughs or exercises. At one andthree month check-ups, the woman indicates that she continues to haveincreased control over her ability to pass urine. This reduction in astress urinary incontinence symptom indicates successful treatment withthe composition comprising a TVEMP.

A 62 year old male complains of the inability to control the passage ofurine, experiencing a sudden need to urinate. A physician diagnosis thepatient with urge urinary incontinence having a neurological componentinvolving abnormal neuron activity. The man is treated by injectingurethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in thepresent specification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuronactivity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, thebladder neck including the external and internal urethral sphincters,the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/orother areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter,urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate, bulbourethralgland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition is monitored andafter about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicates there isimprovement of his ability to control the passage of urine because of areduced sudden need to urinate. At one and three month check-ups, theman indicates that he continues to have increased control over hisability to pass urine. This reduction in an urge urinary incontinencesymptom indicates successful treatment with the composition comprising aTVEMP.

A 58 year old male complains of the inability to control the passage ofurine because of leakage that occurs. A physician diagnosis the patientwith overflow urinary incontinence having a neurological componentinvolving abnormal neuron activity that is causing blockage. The man istreated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMPas disclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate,bulbourethral gland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition ismonitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicatesthere is improvement of his ability to control the passage of urinebecause of reduced leakage. At one and three month check-ups, the manindicates that he continues to have increased control over his abilityto pass urine. This reduction in an overflow urinary incontinencesymptom indicates successful treatment with the composition comprising aTVEMP.

Example 2 Treatment of Overactive Bladder

A 58 year old male complains of increased urinary urgency. A physiciandiagnosis the patient with overactive bladder having a neurologicalcomponent involving abnormal neuron activity. The man is treated byinjecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP asdisclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate,bulbourethral gland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition ismonitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicatesthat he has a reduced urgency to urinate. At one and three monthcheck-ups, the man indicates that he continues to have a reduced urgencyto urinate. This reduction in an overactive bladder symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

A 66 year old female complains of having to wake up several times duringthe night to urinate. A physician determines that this is nocturia anddiagnosis the patient with overactive bladder having a neurologicalcomponent involving abnormal neuron activity. The woman is treated byinjecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP asdisclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient'scondition is monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and thewoman indicates that she has a reduced need to wake up several timesduring the night to urinate. At one and three month check-ups, the womanindicates that she continues to have a reduced need to wake up severaltimes during the night to urinate. This reduction in an overactivebladder symptom indicates successful treatment with the compositioncomprising a TVEMP.

A 47 year old female complains of having to urinate several times a day.A physician determines that this is polyuria and diagnosis the patientwith overactive bladder having a neurological component involvingabnormal neuron activity. The woman is treated by injectingurethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in thepresent specification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuronactivity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, thebladder neck including the external and internal urethral sphincters,the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/orother areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter,urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's conditionis monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the womanindicates that she has a reduced need to urinate during the day. At oneand three month check-ups, the woman indicates that she continues tohave a reduced need urinate during the day. This reduction in anoveractive bladder symptom indicates successful treatment with thecomposition comprising a TVEMP.

A 67 year old male complains of the inability to control the passage ofurine because of a sudden need to urinate. A physician determines thatthis is urge incontinence and diagnosis the patient with overactivebladder having a neurological component involving abnormal neuronactivity. The man is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate, bulbourethral gland, bulb,crus or penis. The patient's condition is monitored and after about 1-3days from treatment, and the man indicates that he has a reduced urgencyto urinate. At one and three month check-ups, the man indicates that hecontinues to have a reduced urgency to urinate. This reduction in anoveractive bladder symptom indicates successful treatment with thecomposition comprising a TVEMP.

Example 3 Treatment of Detrusor Dysfunction

A 44 year old female complains of uncontrollable bladder contractions. Aphysician determines that this is uninhibitable bladder contractions anddiagnosis the patient with a detrusor dysfunction having a neurologicalcomponent involving abnormal neuron activity. The woman is treated byinjecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP asdisclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient'scondition is monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and thewoman indicates that there is a reduction in uncontrollable bladdercontractions. At one and three month check-ups, the woman indicates thatshe continues to have a reduction in uncontrollable bladdercontractions. This reduction in a detrusor dysfunction symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

In an alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isuninhibitable bladder contractions and diagnosis the patient withdetrusor overactivity having a neurological component involving abnormalneuron activity. The woman is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's condition is monitoredand after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the woman indicates thatthere is a reduction in uncontrollable bladder contractions. At one andthree month check-ups, the woman indicates that she continues to have areduction in uncontrollable bladder contractions. This reduction in adetrusor overactivity symptom indicates successful treatment with thecomposition comprising a TVEMP.

In another alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isuninhibitable bladder contractions and diagnosis the patient withdetrusor instability having a neurological component involving abnormalneuron activity. The woman is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's condition is monitoredand after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the woman indicates thatthere is a reduction in uncontrollable bladder contractions. At one andthree month check-ups, the woman indicates that she continues to have areduction in uncontrollable bladder contractions. This reduction in adetrusor instability symptom indicates successful treatment with thecomposition comprising a TVEMP.

A 50 year old female complains of an urgency to urinate. A physiciandetermines that this is urinary urgency and diagnosis the patient with adetrusor dysfunction having a neurological component involving abnormalneuron activity. The woman is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's condition is monitoredand after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the woman indicates thatthere is a reduction in the urgency to urinate. At one and three monthcheck-ups, the woman indicates that she continues to have a reduction inthe urgency to urinate. This reduction in a detrusor dysfunction symptomindicates successful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

In an alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isurinary urgency and diagnosis the patient with detrusor overactivityhaving a neurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. Thewoman is treated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprisinga TVEMP as disclosed in the present specification. Depending on thelocation of abnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered intoe.g., the detrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internalurethral sphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of thebladder wall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as theurethra, ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. Thepatient's condition is monitored and after about 1-3 days fromtreatment, and the woman indicates that there is a reduction in theurgency to urinate. At one and three month check-ups, the womanindicates that she continues to have a reduction in the urgency tourinate. This reduction in a detrusor overactivity symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

In another alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isurinary urgency and diagnosis the patient with detrusor instabilityhaving a neurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. Thewoman is treated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprisinga TVEMP as disclosed in the present specification. Depending on thelocation of abnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered intoe.g., the detrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internalurethral sphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of thebladder wall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as theurethra, ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. Thepatient's condition is monitored and after about 1-3 days fromtreatment, and the woman indicates that there is a reduction in theurgency to urinate. At one and three month check-ups, the womanindicates that she continues to have a reduction in the urgency tourinate. This reduction in a detrusor instability symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

A 59 year old male complains of having to urinate all the time. Aphysician determines that this is urinary frequency and diagnosis thepatient with a detrusor dysfunction having a neurological componentinvolving abnormal neuron activity. The man is treated by injectingurethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in thepresent specification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuronactivity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, thebladder neck including the external and internal urethral sphincters,the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/orother areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter,urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate, bulbourethralgland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition is monitored andafter about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicates that there isa reduction in the need to urinate all the time. At one and three monthcheck-ups, the man indicates that he continues to have a reduction inthe need to urinate all the time. This reduction in a detrusordysfunction symptom indicates successful treatment with the compositioncomprising a TVEMP.

In an alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isurinary frequency and diagnosis the patient with detrusor overactivityhaving a neurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. Theman is treated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprising aTVEMP as disclosed in the present specification. Depending on thelocation of abnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered intoe.g., the detrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internalurethral sphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of thebladder wall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as theurethra, ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. Thepatient's condition is monitored and after about 1-3 days fromtreatment, and the man indicates that there is a reduction in the needto urinate all the time. At one and three month check-ups, the manindicates that he continues to have a reduction in the need to urinateall the time. This reduction in a detrusor overactivity symptomindicates successful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

In another alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isurinary frequency and diagnosis the patient with detrusor instabilityhaving a neurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. Theman is treated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprising aTVEMP as disclosed in the present specification. Depending on thelocation of abnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered intoe.g., the detrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internalurethral sphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of thebladder wall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as theurethra, ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. Thepatient's condition is monitored and after about 1-3 days fromtreatment, and the man indicates that there is a reduction in the needto urinate all the time. At one and three month check-ups, the manindicates that he continues to have a reduction in the need to urinateall the time. This reduction in a detrusor instability symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

A 74 year old male complains of the involuntary loss of urine. Aphysician determines that this is enuresis and diagnosis the patientwith a detrusor dysfunction having a neurological component involvingabnormal neuron activity. The man is treated by injectingurethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in thepresent specification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuronactivity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, thebladder neck including the external and internal urethral sphincters,the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/orother areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter,urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate, bulbourethralgland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition is monitored andafter about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicates that there isa reduction in the involuntary loss of urine. At one and three monthcheck-ups, the man indicates that he continues to have a reduction inthe involuntary loss of urine. This reduction in a detrusor dysfunctionsymptom indicates successful treatment with the composition comprising aTVEMP.

In an alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isenuresis and diagnosis the patient with detrusor overactivity having aneurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. The man istreated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMPas disclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient'scondition is monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and theman indicates that there is a reduction in the involuntary loss ofurine. At one and three month check-ups, the man indicates that hecontinues to have a reduction in the involuntary loss of urine. Thisreduction in a detrusor overactivity symptom indicates successfultreatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

In another alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isenuresis and diagnosis the patient with detrusor instability having aneurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. The man istreated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMPas disclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient'scondition is monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and theman indicates that there is a reduction in the involuntary loss ofurine. At one and three month check-ups, the man indicates that hecontinues to have a reduction in the involuntary loss of urine. Thisreduction in a detrusor instability symptom indicates successfultreatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

A 63 year old male complains of having to wake up several times duringthe night to urinate. A physician determines that this is nocturia anddiagnosis the patient with a detrusor dysfunction having a neurologicalcomponent involving abnormal neuron activity. The man is treated byinjecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP asdisclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate,bulbourethral gland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition ismonitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicatesthat there is a reduction in need to wake up several times during thenight to urinate. At one and three month check-ups, the man indicatesthat he continues to have a reduction in need to wake up several timesduring the night to urinate. This reduction in a detrusor dysfunctionsymptom indicates successful treatment with the composition comprising aTVEMP.

In an alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isnocturia and diagnosis the patient with detrusor overactivity having aneurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. The man istreated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMPas disclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient'scondition is monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and theman indicates that there is a reduction in need to wake up several timesduring the night to urinate. At one and three month check-ups, the manindicates that he continues to have a reduction in need to wake upseveral times during the night to urinate. This reduction in a detrusoroveractivity symptom indicates successful treatment with the compositioncomprising a TVEMP.

In another alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isnocturia and diagnosis the patient with detrusor instability having aneurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. The man istreated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMPas disclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient'scondition is monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and theman indicates that there is a reduction in need to wake up several timesduring the night to urinate. At one and three month check-ups, the manindicates that he continues to have a reduction in need to wake upseveral times during the night to urinate. This reduction in a detrusorinstability symptom indicates successful treatment with the compositioncomprising a TVEMP.

A 61 year old female complains of having to urinate several times a day.A physician determines that this is polyuria and diagnosis the patientwith a detrusor dysfunction having a neurological component involvingabnormal neuron activity. The woman is treated by injectingurethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in thepresent specification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuronactivity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, thebladder neck including the external and internal urethral sphincters,the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/orother areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter,urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's conditionis monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the womanindicates that there is a reduction in the need to urinate several timesa day. At one and three month check-ups, the woman indicates that shecontinues to have a reduction in the need to urinate several times aday. This reduction in a detrusor dysfunction symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

In an alternative scenario, the physician determines that this ispolyuria and diagnosis the patient with detrusor overactivity having aneurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. The woman istreated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMPas disclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient'scondition is monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and thewoman indicates that there is a reduction in the need to urinate severaltimes a day. At one and three month check-ups, the woman indicates thatshe continues to have a reduction in the need to urinate several times aday. This reduction in a detrusor overactivity symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

In another alternative scenario, the physician determines that this ispolyuria and diagnosis the patient with detrusor instability having aneurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. The woman istreated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMPas disclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient'scondition is monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and thewoman indicates that there is a reduction in the need to urinate severaltimes a day. At one and three month check-ups, the woman indicates thatshe continues to have a reduction in the need to urinate several times aday. This reduction in a detrusor instability symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

A 65 year old female complains of the inability to control the passageof urine. A physician determines that this is urinary incontinence anddiagnosis the patient with a detrusor dysfunction having a neurologicalcomponent involving abnormal neuron activity. The woman is treated byinjecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP asdisclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient'scondition is monitored and after about 1-3 days from the treatment, andthe woman indicates there is improvement of her ability to control thepassage of urine. At one and three month check-ups, the woman indicatesthat she continues to have an improved ability to control the passage ofurine since the treatment. This reduction in a detrusor dysfunctionsymptom indicates successful treatment with the composition comprising aTVEMP.

In an alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isurinary incontinence and diagnosis the patient with detrusoroveractivity having a neurological component involving abnormal neuronactivity. The woman is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's condition is monitoredand after about 1-3 days from the treatment, and the woman indicatesthere is improvement of her ability to control the passage of urine. Atone and three month check-ups, the woman indicates that she continues tohave an improved ability to control the passage of urine since thetreatment. This reduction in a detrusor overactivity symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

In another alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isurinary incontinence and diagnosis the patient with detrusor instabilityhaving a neurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. Thewoman is treated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprisinga TVEMP as disclosed in the present specification. Depending on thelocation of abnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered intoe.g., the detrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internalurethral sphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of thebladder wall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as theurethra, ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. Thepatient's condition is monitored and after about 1-3 days from thetreatment, and the woman indicates there is improvement of her abilityto control the passage of urine. At one and three month check-ups, thewoman indicates that she continues to have an improved ability tocontrol the passage of urine since the treatment. This reduction in adetrusor instability symptom indicates successful treatment with thecomposition comprising a TVEMP.

A 55 year old female complains of an interruption of urine flow when sheurinates. A physician diagnosis the patient with a detrusor dysfunctionhaving a neurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. Thewoman is treated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprisinga TVEMP as disclosed in the present specification. Depending on thelocation of abnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered intoe.g., the detrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internalurethral sphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of thebladder wall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as theurethra, ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. Thepatient's condition is monitored and after about 1-3 days fromtreatment, and the woman indicates that there is a reduction in urineflow interruption. At one and three month check-ups, the woman indicatesthat she continues to have a reduced urine flow interruption since thetreatment. This reduction in a detrusor dysfunction symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

In an alternative scenario, the physician diagnosis the patient with adetrusor-sphincter dyssynergia having a neurological component involvingabnormal neuron activity. The woman is treated by injectingurethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in thepresent specification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuronactivity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, thebladder neck including the external and internal urethral sphincters,the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/orother areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter,urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's conditionis monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the womanindicates that there is a reduction in urine flow interruption. At oneand three month check-ups, the woman indicates that she continues tohave a reduced urine flow interruption since the treatment. Thisreduction in a detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

A 53 year old male complains of increased bladder pressure. A physiciandetermines that this is raised detrusor pressure and diagnosis thepatient with a detrusor dysfunction having a neurological componentinvolving abnormal neuron activity. The man is treated by injectingurethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in thepresent specification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuronactivity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, thebladder neck including the external and internal urethral sphincters,the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/orother areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter,urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate, bulbourethralgland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition is monitored andafter about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicates that there isa reduction in bladder pressure. At one and three month check-ups, theman indicates that he continues to have a reduced bladder pressure sincethe treatment. This reduction in a detrusor dysfunction symptomindicates successful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

In an alternative scenario, the physician determines that this is raiseddetrusor pressure and diagnosis the patient with a detrusor-sphincterdyssynergia having a neurological component involving abnormal neuronactivity. The man is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's condition is monitoredand after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicates thatthere is a reduction in bladder pressure. At one and three monthcheck-ups, the man indicates that he continues to have a reduced bladderpressure since the treatment. This reduction in a detrusor-sphincterdyssynergia symptom indicates successful treatment with the compositioncomprising a TVEMP.

A 75 year old male complains of the inability to urinate. A physiciandetermines that this is urinary retention and diagnosis the patient witha detrusor dysfunction having a neurological component involvingabnormal neuron activity. The man is treated by injectingurethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in thepresent specification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuronactivity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, thebladder neck including the external and internal urethral sphincters,the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/orother areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter,urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate, bulbourethralgland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition is monitored andafter about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicates that he hasregained the ability to urinate. At one and three month check-ups, theman indicates that he continues to have the ability to urinate. Thisreduction in a detrusor dysfunction symptom indicates successfultreatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

In an alternative scenario, the physician determines that this isurinary retention and diagnosis the patient with a detrusor-sphincterdyssynergia having a neurological component involving abnormal neuronactivity. The man is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's condition is monitoredand after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicates that hehas regained the ability to urinate. At one and three month check-ups,the man indicates that he continues to have the ability to urinate. Thisreduction in a detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

Example 4 Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction

A 69 year old male complains of the need to urinate suddenly. Aphysician determines that this is a urine storage problem and diagnosisthe patient with a lower urinary tract dysfunction having a neurologicalcomponent involving abnormal neuron activity. The man is treated byinjecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP asdisclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate,bulbourethral gland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition ismonitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicatesthat there is a reduction in the sudden need to urinate. At one andthree month check-ups, the man indicates that he still experiences areduced need to urinate. This reduction in a lower urinary tractdysfunction indicates successful treatment with the compositioncomprising a TVEMP. In similar scenarios the patient could havecomplained of other storage symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunctionsuch as, e.g., urinary frequency, enuresis, polyuria, nocturia increasedbladder sensation, decreased bladder sensation, absent bladdersensation, non-specific bladder sensation, and/or urinary incontinence.In each case, after diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunction, aphysician would treat the patient as indicated above and there would bea reduction in the lower urinary tract dysfunction storage symptom.

A 70 year old male complains of having difficulty urinating and havingto strain in order to urinate. A physician determines that this is aurine voiding problem and diagnosis the patient with a lower urinarytract dysfunction having a neurological component involving abnormalneuron activity. The man is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate, bulbourethral gland, bulb,crus or penis. The patient's condition is monitored and after about 1-3days from treatment, and the man indicates that it is easier to urinateand he does not have to strain as much in order to urinate. At one andthree month check-ups, the man indicates that he still experiences aneasier time to urinate. This reduction in a lower urinary tractdysfunction indicates successful treatment with the compositioncomprising a TVEMP. In similar scenarios the patient could havecomplained of other voiding symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunctionsuch as, e.g., reduced urine flow, splitting or spraying of urine,intermittent urine flow, urinary hesitancy, and/or terminal dribble ofurine. In each case, after diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunction,a physician would treat the patient as indicated above and there wouldbe a reduction in the lower urinary tract dysfunction voiding symptom.

A 77 year old male complains of urine dribbling after he finishesurinating. A physician determines that this is a urine post-micturitionproblem and diagnosis the patient with a lower urinary tract dysfunctionhaving a neurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. Theman is treated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprising aTVEMP as disclosed in the present specification. Depending on thelocation of abnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered intoe.g., the detrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internalurethral sphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of thebladder wall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as theurethra, ureter, urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate,bulbourethral gland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition ismonitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicatesthat there is a reduction in urine dribbling after he finishesurinating. At one and three month check-ups, the man indicates that hestill experiences reduced dribbling after he finishes urinating. Thisreduction in a lower urinary tract dysfunction indicates successfultreatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP. In similar scenariosthe patient could have complained of other post-micturition symptoms oflower urinary tract dysfunction such as, e.g., sensation of incompleteemptying. In each case, after diagnosis of lower urinary tractdysfunction, a physician would treat the patient as indicated above andthere would be a reduction in the lower urinary tract dysfunctionpost-micturition symptom.

Example 5 Treatment of Urinary Retention

A 79 year old female complains that she cannot urinate. A physiciandiagnosis the patient with urinary retention having a neurologicalcomponent involving abnormal neuron activity. The woman is treated byinjecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP asdisclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient'scondition is monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and thewoman indicates that she has regained the ability to urinate. At one andthree month check-ups, the woman indicates that she still continues tohave control over her ability to urinate. This reduction in a urinaryretention symptom indicates successful treatment with the compositioncomprising a TVEMP.

Example 6 Treatment of Urinary Hesitancy

A 78 year old male complains that he has difficulty starting and/ormaintaining his ability to urinate. A physician diagnosis the patientwith urinary hesitancy having a neurological component involvingabnormal neuron activity. The man is treated by injectingurethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in thepresent specification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuronactivity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, thebladder neck including the external and internal urethral sphincters,the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/orother areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter,urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate, bulbourethralgland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition is monitored andafter about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicates that he hasless difficulty in starting and/or maintaining his ability to urinate.At one and three month check-ups, the man indicates that he stillexperiences less difficulty in starting and/or maintaining his abilityto urinate. This reduction in a urinary hesitancy symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

Example 7 Treatment of Polyuria

A 68 year old male complains that he has to urinate all the time duringthe day. A physician diagnosis the patient with polyuria having aneurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. The man istreated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMPas disclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate,bulbourethral gland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition ismonitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicatesthat does not have to urinate as many times during the day as before thetreatment. At one and three month check-ups, the man still indicatesthat does not have to urinate as many times during the day as before thetreatment. This reduction in a polyuria symptom indicates successfultreatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

Example 8 Treatment of Nocturia

A 57 year old female complains that she has to wake up several timesduring the night in order to urinate. A physician diagnosis the patientwith nocturia having a neurological component involving abnormal neuronactivity. The woman is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's condition is monitoredand after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the woman indicates thatshe does not have to get up as many times during the night to urinate asshe did before the treatment. At one and three month check-ups, thewoman still indicates that she does not have to get up as many timesduring the night to urinate as she did before the treatment. Thisreduction in a nocturia symptom indicates successful treatment with thecomposition comprising a TVEMP.

Example 9 Treatment of Chronic Urinary Tract Infection

A 76 year old female complains that she has urinary tract infections allthe time. A physician determines that the chrionic urinary tractinfections is abacterial and diagnosis the patient with urogentialdisorder having a neurological component involving abnormal neuronactivity. The woman is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's condition is monitoredand after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the physician indicatesthat she does not have a urinary tract infection. At one and three monthcheck-ups, the woman indicates that she has not had a urinary tractinfection since the treatment. This reduction in a urinary tractinfection symptom indicates successful treatment with the compositioncomprising a TVEMP.

A 75 year old female complains that she has urinary tract infections allthe time. A physician determines that the chrionic urinary tractinfection is due to vesicoureteral reflux and diagnosis the patient withurogential disorder having a neurological component involving abnormalneuron activity. The woman is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's condition is monitoredand after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the physician determinesthat the abnormal backup of urine from the bladder to the kidneys isreduced in the patient. At one and three month check-ups, the womanindicates that she has not had a urinary tract infection since thetreatment. This reduction in a urinary tract infection symptom indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

Example 10 Treatment of Urogenital Disorder Associated with a ProstateDisorder

A 78 year old male complains that he has difficulty starting and/ormaintaining his ability to urinate. A physician determines that he hasbenign prostatic hyperplasia and that this enlargement is blocking thenormal flow of urine. The physician diagnosis the patient with urinaryhesitancy associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia having aneurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. The man istreated by injecting a composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed inthe present specification into the prostate and/or in the surroundingarea of the prostate depending on the location of abnormal neuronactivity. The patient's condition is monitored and after about 1-2 weeksfrom the treatment, the man indicates that he has less difficulty instarting and/or maintaining his ability to urinate. The physiciandetermines that the size of the prostate has reduced since thetreatment. At one and three month check-ups, the man indicates that hestill experiences less difficulty in starting and/or maintaining hisability to urinate. This reduction in a urinary hesitancy symptomassociated with benign prostatic hyperplasia indicates successfultreatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

Example 11

Treatment of Urogenital Disorder Associated with a NeurogenicDysfunction

A 81 year old female diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease complains abouthaving a sudden need to urinate. A physician determines that thisurinary urgency is due to her Parkinson's Disease and diagnosis thepatient with urogential disorder associated with a neurogenicdysfunction having a neurological component involving abnormal neuronactivity. The woman is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's condition is monitoredand after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the woman indicates thatthere is a reduction in the sudden need to urinate. At one and threemonth check-ups, the woman indicates that she continues to experience areduced sudden need to urinate. This reduction in a urogenital disordersymptom associated with a neurogenic dysfunction indicates successfultreatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

A 39 year old female diagnosed with multiple sclerosis complains abouthaving a need to urinate all the time. A physician determines that thisurinary frequency is due to her multiple sclerosis and diagnosis thepatient with urogential disorder associated with a neurogenicdysfunction having a neurological component involving abnormal neuronactivity. The woman is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient's condition is monitoredand after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the woman indicates thatthere is a reduction in the need to urinate all the time. At one andthree month check-ups, the woman indicates that she still experiences areduced need to urinate all the time. This reduction in a urogenitaldisorder symptom associated with a neurogenic dysfunction indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

A 12 year old male diagnosed with spina bifida complains about theinability to control the passage of urine. A physician determines thatthis urinary incontinence is due to his spina bifida and diagnosis thepatient with urogential disorder associated with a neurogenicdysfunction having a neurological component involving abnormal neuronactivity. The boy is treated by injecting urethroscopically acomposition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in the presentspecification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuron activity,the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, the bladder neckincluding the external and internal urethral sphincters, the trigone,the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/or other areassurrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter, urogenitaldiaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate, bulbourethral gland, bulb,crus or penis. The patient's condition is monitored and after about 1-3days from treatment, and the boy indicates that he has an increasedability to control the passage or urine. At one and three monthcheck-ups, the boy indicates that he still experiences an increasedability to control the passage or urine. This reduction in a urogenitaldisorder symptom associated with a neurogenic dysfunction indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

A 84 year old male who experienced a stroke complains about not beingable to urinate. A physician determines that this urinary retention isdue to his stroke and diagnosis the patient with urogential disorderassociated with a neurogenic dysfunction having a neurological componentinvolving abnormal neuron activity. The man is treated by injectingurethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP as disclosed in thepresent specification. Depending on the location of abnormal neuronactivity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., the detrusor, thebladder neck including the external and internal urethral sphincters,the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladder wall, and/orother areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra, ureter,urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate, bulbourethralgland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition is monitored andafter about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicates that he canurinate. At one and three month check-ups, the man indicates that hecontinues to experience the ability to urinate. This reduction in aurogenital disorder symptom associated with a neurogenic dysfunctionindicates successful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

A 23 year old man suffering from a spinal cord injury resulting from acar accident complains about the inability to control the passage ofurine. A physician determines that this urinary incontinence is due tohis spinal cord injury and diagnosis the patient with urogentialdisorder associated with a neurogenic dysfunction having a neurologicalcomponent involving abnormal neuron activity. The man is treated byinjecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMP asdisclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, or lower pelvic muscles. The patient'scondition is monitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and theman indicates that he has an increased ability to control the passage orurine. At one and three month check-ups, the man indicates that he stillexperiences an increased ability to control the passage or urine. Thisreduction in a urogenital disorder symptom associated with a neurogenicdysfunction indicates successful treatment with the compositioncomprising a TVEMP.

A 63 year old male who has cancerous lesion in his brain complains abouthaving a need to urinate all the time. A physician determines that thisurinary frequency is due to his lesion and diagnosis the patient withurogential disorder associated with a neurogenic dysfunction having aneurological component involving abnormal neuron activity. The man istreated by injecting urethroscopically a composition comprising a TVEMPas disclosed in the present specification. Depending on the location ofabnormal neuron activity, the toxin can be administered into e.g., thedetrusor, the bladder neck including the external and internal urethralsphincters, the trigone, the bladder dome or other areas of the bladderwall, and/or other areas surrounding the bladder, such as the urethra,ureter, urogenital diaphragm, lower pelvic muscles, prostate,bulbourethral gland, bulb, crus or penis. The patient's condition ismonitored and after about 1-3 days from treatment, and the man indicatesthat there is a reduction in the need to urinate all the time. At oneand three month check-ups, the man indicates that he still experiences areduced need to urinate all the time. This reduction in a urogenitaldisorder symptom associated with a neurogenic dysfunction indicatessuccessful treatment with the composition comprising a TVEMP.

In closing, it is to be understood that although aspects of the presentspecification have been described with reference to the variousembodiments, one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that thespecific examples disclosed are only illustrative of the principles ofthe subject matter disclosed in the present specification. Therefore, itshould be understood that the disclosed subject matter is in no waylimited to a particular methodology, protocol, and/or reagent, etc.,described herein. As such, various modifications or changes to oralternative configurations of the disclosed subject matter can be madein accordance with the teachings herein without departing from thespirit of the present specification. Lastly, the terminology used hereinis for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is notintended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is definedsolely by the claims. Accordingly, the present invention is not limitedto that precisely as shown and described.

Certain embodiments of this invention are described herein, includingthe best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Ofcourse, variations on these described embodiments will become apparentto those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoingdescription. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ suchvariations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention tobe practiced otherwise than specifically described herein. Accordingly,this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subjectmatter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicablelaw. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in allpossible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the inventiondisclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each groupmember may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combinationwith other members of the group or other elements found herein. It isanticipated that one or more members of a group may be included in, ordeleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability.When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is deemedto contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written descriptionof all Markush groups used in the appended claims.

Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities ofingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions,and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understoodas being modified in all instances by the term “about.” As used herein,the term “about” when qualifying a value of a stated item, number,percentage, parameter, or term refers to a range of plus or minus tenpercent of the value of the stated item, number, percentage, parameter,or term. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numericalparameters set forth in the specification and attached claims areapproximations that may vary depending upon the desired propertiessought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, andnot as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine ofequivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter shouldat least be construed in light of the number of reported significantdigits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstandingthat the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scopeof the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth inthe specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Anynumerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarilyresulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testingmeasurements.

The terms “a,” “an,” “the” and similar referents used in the context ofdescribing the invention (especially in the context of the followingclaims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural,unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context.Recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as ashorthand method of referring individually to each separate valuefalling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, eachindividual value is incorporated into the specification as if it wereindividually recited herein. All methods described herein can beperformed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein orotherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and allexamples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein isintended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose alimitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No languagein the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimedelement essential to the practice of the invention.

Specific embodiments disclosed herein may be further limited in theclaims using consisting of or consisting essentially of language. Whenused in the claims, whether as filed or added per amendment, thetransition term “consisting of” excludes any element, step, oringredient not specified in the claims. The transition term “consistingessentially of” limits the scope of a claim to the specified materialsor steps and those that do not materially affect the basic and novelcharacteristic(s). Embodiments of the invention so claimed areinherently or expressly described and enabled herein.

All patents, patent publications, and other publications referenced andidentified in the present specification are individually and expresslyincorporated herein by reference in their entirety for the purpose ofdescribing and disclosing, for example, the methodologies described insuch publications that might be used in connection with the presentinvention. These publications are provided solely for their disclosureprior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing in thisregard should be construed as an admission that the inventors are notentitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention or forany other reason. All statements as to the date or representation as tothe contents of these documents is based on the information available tothe applicants and does not constitute any admission as to thecorrectness of the dates or contents of these documents.

1. A method of treating urogenital-neurological disorder in a mammal,the method comprising the step of administering to the mammal in needthereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition including aTVEMP comprising a retargeted peptide binding domain, a Clostridialtoxin translocation domain and a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain,wherein the retargeted peptide binding domain is a galanin peptidebinding domain, a PAR peptide binding domain, a somatostatin peptidebinding domain, a neurotensin peptide binding domain, or a SLURP peptidebinding domain, and wherein administration of the composition reduces asymptom of the urogenital-neurological disorder, thereby treating themammal.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the TVEMP comprises a linearamino-to-carboxyl single polypeptide order of 1) the Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain, the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, theretargeted peptide binding domain, 2) the Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain, the retargeted peptide binding domain, the Clostridial toxintranslocation domain, 3) the retargeted peptide binding domain, theClostridial toxin translocation domain, and the Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain, 4) the retargeted peptide binding domain, theClostridial toxin enzymatic domain, the Clostridial toxin translocationdomain, 5) the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, the Clostridialtoxin enzymatic domain and the retargeted peptide binding domain, or 6)the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, the retargeted peptidebinding domain and the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain.
 3. The methodof claim 1, wherein the Clostridial toxin translocation domain is aBoNT/A translocation domain, a BoNT/B translocation domain, a BoNT/C1translocation domain, a BoNT/D translocation domain, a BoNT/Etranslocation domain, a BoNT/F translocation domain, a BoNT/Gtranslocation domain, a TeNT translocation domain, a BaNT translocationdomain, or a BuNT translocation domain.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain is a BoNT/A enzymaticdomain, a BoNT/B enzymatic domain, a BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain, a BoNT/Denzymatic domain, a BoNT/E enzymatic domain, a BoNT/F enzymatic domain,a BoNT/G enzymatic domain, a TeNT enzymatic domain, a BaNT enzymaticdomain, or a BuNT enzymatic domain.
 5. The method of claim 1, whereinthe urogenital-neurological disorder is urinary incontinence, overactivebladder, detrusor dysfunction, lower urinary tract dysfunction, urinaryretention, urinary hesitancy, polyuria, nocturia, chronic urinary tractinfection, an urogenital disorder associated with a prostate disorder,an urogenital disorder associated with a uterine disorder, or anurogenital disorder associated with a neurogenic dysfunction.
 6. Amethod of treating urogenital-neurological disorder in a mammal, themethod comprising the step of administering to the mammal in needthereof a therapeutically effective amount of a composition including aTVEMP comprising a retargeted peptide binding domain, a Clostridialtoxin translocation domain, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, and anexogenous protease cleavage site, wherein the retargeted peptide bindingdomain is a galanin peptide binding domain, a PAR peptide bindingdomain, a somatostatin peptide binding domain, a neurotensin peptidebinding domain, or a SLURP peptide binding domain, and whereinadministration of the composition reduces a symptom of theurogenital-neurological disorder, thereby treating the mammal.
 7. Themethod of claim 6, wherein the TVEMP comprises a linearamino-to-carboxyl single polypeptide order of 1) the Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain, the exogenous protease cleavage site, the Clostridialtoxin translocation domain, the retargeted peptide binding domain, 2)the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, the exogenous protease cleavagesite, the retargeted peptide binding domain, the Clostridial toxintranslocation domain, 3) the retargeted peptide binding domain, theClostridial toxin translocation domain, the exogenous protease cleavagesite and the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, 4) the retargetedpeptide binding domain, the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, theexogenous protease cleavage site, the Clostridial toxin translocationdomain, 5) the Clostridial toxin translocation domain, the exogenousprotease cleavage site, the Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain and theretargeted peptide binding domain, or 6) the Clostridial toxintranslocation domain, the exogenous protease cleavage site, theretargeted peptide binding domain and the Clostridial toxin enzymaticdomain.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the Clostridial toxintranslocation domain is a BoNT/A translocation domain, a BoNT/Btranslocation domain, a BoNT/C1 translocation domain, a BoNT/Dtranslocation domain, a BoNT/E translocation domain, a BoNT/Ftranslocation domain, a BoNT/G translocation domain, a TeNTtranslocation domain, a BaNT translocation domain, or a BuNTtranslocation domain.
 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the Clostridialtoxin enzymatic domain is a BoNT/A enzymatic domain, a BoNT/B enzymaticdomain, a BoNT/C1 enzymatic domain, a BoNT/D enzymatic domain, a BoNT/Eenzymatic domain, a BoNT/F enzymatic domain, a BoNT/G enzymatic domain,a TeNT enzymatic domain, a BaNT enzymatic domain, or a BuNT enzymaticdomain.
 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the exogenous proteasecleavage site is a plant papain cleavage site, an insect papain cleavagesite, a crustacian papain cleavage site, an enterokinase cleavage site,a human rhinovirus 3C protease cleavage site, a human enterovirus 3Cprotease cleavage site, a tobacco etch virus protease cleavage site, aTobacco Vein Mottling Virus cleavage site, a subtilisin cleavage site, ahydroxylamine cleavage site, or a Caspase 3 cleavage site.
 11. Themethod of claim 6, wherein the urogenital-neurological disorder isurinary incontinence, overactive bladder, detrusor dysfunction, lowerurinary tract dysfunction, urinary retention, urinary hesitancy,polyuria, nocturia, chronic urinary tract infection, an urogenitaldisorder associated with a prostate disorder, an urogenital disorderassociated with a uterine disorder, or an urogenital disorder associatedwith a neurogenic dysfunction.
 12. Use of a TVEMP in the manufacturing amedicament for treating urogenital-neurological disorder in a mammal inneed thereof, wherein the TVEMP comprising a retargeted peptide bindingdomain, a Clostridial toxin translocation domain and a Clostridial toxinenzymatic domain, wherein the retargeted peptide binding domain is agalanin peptide binding domain, a PAR peptide binding domain, asomatostatin peptide binding domain, a neurotensin peptide bindingdomain, or a SLURP peptide binding domain, and wherein administration ofa therapeutically effective amount of the medicament to the mammalreduces a symptom of the urogenital-neurological disorder, therebytreating the mammal.
 13. A use of a TVEMP in the manufacturing amedicament for treating urogenital-neurological disorder in a mammal inneed thereof, the use comprising the step of administering to the mammala therapeutically effective amount of the composition, wherein the TVEMPcomprising a retargeted peptide binding domain, a Clostridial toxintranslocation domain, a Clostridial toxin enzymatic domain, and anexogenous protease cleavage site, wherein the retargeted peptide bindingdomain is a galanin peptide binding domain, a PAR peptide bindingdomain, a somatostatin peptide binding domain, a neurotensin peptidebinding domain, or a SLURP peptide binding domain, and whereinadministration of the composition reduces a symptom of theurogenital-neurological disorder, thereby treating the mammal.